Fig. 2

Effect of vitamin E nanoemulsion (NE) on kinematic parameters: a) curvilinear velocity (VCL), b) straight-line velocity (VSL) and c) average path velocity (VAP). Plots show the quadruple interaction of treatments × oxidative stress × incubation temperature × incubation time for kinematic sperm motility parameters. ^α,β,γ (P < 0.05) indicate significant differences among hours of incubation within each treatment and temperature of incubation without oxidative stress purple line). ^a–d (P < 0.05) indicates significant differences among hours of incubation within each treatment and temperature of incubation under oxidative stress (orange line). ^*(P < 0.05) indicate differences between oxidative stress and non-oxidative stress treatments within each temperature and time of incubation