Fig. 2
From: Role of nutraceuticals during the transition period of dairy cows: a review
Peripartal adaptations of the key tissue such as liver, mammary gland, adipose, rumen, uterus, brain, as well as the immune system. It is highlighted the main factors that influence the functional response capacity of the key tissues involved in the homeorhetic adaptation during the transition period. NEB: negative energy balance; GIT: gastro-intestinal tract; BHB: β-hydroxybutyrate; NEFA: Non-esterified fatty acids; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; HPA: hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis; PIC: pro-inflammatory cytokines; BBB: blood-brain barrier