Items | Betaine, g/kg | SEM | P-value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 | ANOVA | Linear | Quadratic | ||
ALT, U/L | 19.51 | 15.88 | 18.83 | 16.64 | 16.29 | 1.05 | 0.766 | 0.465 | 0.760 |
AST, U/L | 3.29a | 3.09ab | 2.11ab | 1.97b | 2.10ab | 0.19 | 0.059 | 0.007 | 0.017 |
HSP70, ng/mL | 74.34a | 71.24a | 74.18a | 69.88a | 62.70b | 1.21 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
GLU, mmol/L | 7.09a | 6.45abc | 6.28bc | 5.80c | 6.74ab | 2.32 | 0.012 | 0.140 | 0.006 |