Table 5 Effects of ATRA on the concentrations of cytokines and sIgA in jejunal mucosa of piglets challenged with TGEV

IL-1β, pg/mg prot

12.86 ± 0.92^a

16.53 ± 0.70^b

12.37 ± 1.35^a

14.62 ± 0.62^ab

0.017

IL-6, pg/mg prot

196.40 ± 20.35

220.65 ± 9.08

178.30 ± 21.87

203.46 ± 12.86

0.357

IL-8, pg/mg prot

112.38 ± 6.82^a

152.20 ± 6.52^b

114.89 ± 10.65^a

118.93 ± 5.75^a

0.003

IL-10, pg/mg prot

36.90 ± 3.16^b

23.70 ± 2.12^a

33.71 ± 2.58^b

34.78 ± 2.18^b

0.005

TNF-α, pg/mg prot

93.51 ± 7.62

103.41 ± 5.54

84.75 ± 7.47

96.64 ± 5.06

0.261

sIgA, µg/mg prot

19.17 ± 1.08^b

13.77 ± 0.84^a

18.51 ± 1.41^b

18.10 ± 1.32^ab

0.013