Effects of antioxidant-rich Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation, antioxidant and immunity status, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy goats

Table 5 Ruminal fermentation parameters and feces antioxidant capacity of dairy goats

Items¹	Dietary treatments²		SEM³	P-value
Items¹	RSMTD-1	ES24-7	SEM³	P-value
Ruminal fermentation
pH	7.19	6.85	0.016	< 0.001
Total VFA, mmol/L	46.0	62.4	0.80	< 0.001
Acetate, mmol/L	34.6	49.2	0.65	< 0.001
Propionate, mmol/L	5.98	7.74	0.152	< 0.001
Butyrate, mmol/L	3.81	4.13	0.222	0.485
Valerate, mmol/L	0.36	0.32	0.011	0.128
Isobutyrate, mmol/L	0.64	0.46	0.012	< 0.001
Isovalerate, mmol/L	0.55	0.51	0.022	0.356
Total BCVFA, mmol/L	1.20	0.98	0.030	0.005
AP ratio	5.81	6.39	0.135	0.058
NH₃-N, mg/dL	2.81	4.87	0.272	0.004
Feces antioxidant
T-AOC, mmol/g protein	0.48	0.55	0.005	< 0.001
SOD, U/mg protein	9.04	11.64	0.204	< 0.001
GSH-Px, U/mg protein	9.63	28.14	1.724	< 0.001
CAT, U/mg protein	0.70	2.17	0.116	< 0.001

¹VFA Volatile fatty acid, BCVFA Branched chain volatile fatty acid, AP ratio Ratio of acetate to propionate, NH₃-N Ammonia nitrogen, T-AOC Total antioxidant capacity, SOD Superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px Glutathione peroxidase, CAT Catalase
²RSMTD-1, dairy goats fed with L. plantarum MTD/1 treated alfalfa silage; ES24-7, dairy goats fed with L. plantarum 24-7 treated alfalfa silage
³SEM Standard error of the mean; values for rumen fluid represent the means of 10 samples (n = 10)

ISSN: 2049-1891