Effect of organic mineral supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in Holstein calves during short-term heat stress and recovery conditions

Table 7 Rumen fermentation characteristics of Holstein calves supplemented with inorganic and organic minerals at different temperatures

Parameters	Heat				Recovery				SEM⁵	Mixed P value⁶
Parameters	Con¹	IM²	OM³	HOM⁴	Con¹	IM²	OM³	HOM⁴	SEM⁵	Temperature	Minerals	T × M
pH	6.23	6.26	6.21	6.40	6.46	6.32	6.29	6.37	0.069	0.109	0.334	0.438
NH₃-N, mg/dL	4.96	4.34	4.11	3.51	4.95	4.65	3.97	3.48	0.752	0.956	0.295	0.993
Total VFA, mmol/L	113.02	109.28	111.48	106.05	112.28	105.02	111.06	106.75	6.936	0.820	0.788	0.988
Acetate, mmol/L	59.89	60.17	62.85	60.48	60.81	58.46	60.26	60.96	3.077	0.748	0.909	0.931
Propionate, mmol/L	33.76	30.69	32.20	28.55	33.44	29.76	32.99	29.81	3.081	0.933	0.528	0.987
Butyrate, mmol/L	19.37	18.42	16.43	17.02	18.04	16.80	17.80	15.97	1.786	0.664	0.767	0.882
A:P	1.81	1.99	2.06	2.17	1.83	1.97	1.93	2.05	0.152	0.606	0.439	0.961
Acetate, %	53.40	55.39	56.68	57.15	54.28	55.60	54.57	57.08	1.450	0.806	0.257	0.783
Propionate, %	29.64	27.98	28.66	26.67	29.72	28.38	29.31	27.91	1.453	0.617	0.531	0.988
Butyrate, %	16.96	16.63	14.66	16.18	16.00	16.02	16.12	15.01	1.237	0.753	0.829	0.775

A:P Acetate:propionate, NH₃-N Ammonia–nitrogen, VFA Volatile fatty acids
¹Con: Basal diet (without mineral supplementation)
²IM: Basal diet + inorganic minerals supplementation
³OM: Basal diet + organic minerals supplementation
⁴HOM: Basal diet + higher organic minerals supplementation
⁵Standard error of means
⁶P value obtained from the mixed procedure of SAS with temperature effect (B), mineral effect (M), and interaction effect between temperature and minerals (T × M). A P value less than 0.05 indicates that the results are statistically significant

ISSN: 2049-1891