Dietary bile acid supplementation in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation improves colonic microbiota, metabolic activity, and epithelial function

Table 3 Effects of dietary bile acid (BA) supplementation on colon function-related gene expressions in weaned piglets with NBW and IUGR

Items	NBW		IUGR		SEM	P-values
Items	− BA	+ BA	− BA	+ BA	SEM	IUGR	BA	IUGR × BA
Barrier function-related genes
Claudin 1	1.00^a	0.13^b	0.35^b	0.34^b	0.08	0.20	< 0.01	< 0.01
Occludin	1.00	0.97	0.98	1.00	0.06	0.70	0.69	0.87
ZO-1	1.00	1.14	1.08	1.29	0.05	0.19	0.05	0.70
Mucin-1	1.00	1.10	1.09	1.09	0.05	0.27	0.27	0.32
Mucin-2	1.00	1.18	1.14	1.24	0.07	0.52	0.36	0.78
Mucin-13	1.00	1.18	1.05	1.06	0.06	0.77	0.45	0.48
Immune-related genes
IL-1β	1.00	0.98	1.41	1.36	0.10	0.06	0.88	0.93
IL-2	1.00	1.97	1.17	2.34	0.14	0.08	< 0.01	0.28
IL-6	1.00	1.13	0.92	1.35	0.07	0.58	0.04	0.27
IL-10	1.00	1.07	0.94	1.24	0.05	0.58	0.06	0.23
TNF-α	1.00	1.15	0.88	1.23	0.06	0.83	0.03	0.37
IFN-γ	1.00	1.49	1.01	1.73	0.09	0.44	< 0.01	0.48
Antioxidant-related genes
CAT	1.00	1.01	0.73	1.10	0.05	0.33	0.04	0.05
GPX	1.00	1.19	0.91	1.42	0.05	0.38	< 0.01	0.05
Keap1	1.00	1.38	1.01	1.62	0.06	0.16	< 0.01	0.21
Nrf1	1.00	1.08	0.99	1.31	0.04	0.16	0.02	0.16
Nrf2	1.00	1.19	1.05	1.32	0.06	0.46	0.06	0.76
SOD	1.00	1.11	0.89	1.09	0.03	0.31	0.01	0.48

Values are expressed as means with pooled SEM (n = 11 or 12). P < 0.05 represents significantly difference. ^a,bMeans with different superscript letters in the same row are significantly different (P < 0.05). CAT Catalase, GPX Glutathione peroxidase, IL-1β Interleukin-1β, IL-2 Interleukin-2, IL-6 Interleukin-6, IL-10 Interleukin-10, IFN-γ Interferon-γ, Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, Nrf1 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1, Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, SOD Superoxide dismutase, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α, ZO-1 Zonula occluden-1. NBW Normal birth weight, IUGR Intrauterine growth retardation, − BA A basal diet without BA, + BA A basal diet supplemented with 400 g/t BA

ISSN: 2049-1891