Dietary bile acid supplementation in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation improves colonic microbiota, metabolic activity, and epithelial function

Table 1 Effects of dietary bile acid (BA) supplementation on the growth performance of weaned piglets with NBW and IUGR

Items	NBW		IUGR		SEM	P-values
Items	− BA	+ BA	− BA	+ BA	SEM	IUGR	BA	IUGR × BA
Initial weight, kg	7.48	7.38	5.91	5.81	0.18	< 0.01	0.72	0.98
Final weight, kg	18.67	17.05	15.06	15.33	0.37	< 0.01	0.29	0.14
1−14 d
ADG, kg/d	0.36	0.32	0.31	0.30	0.01	0.03	0.19	0.35
ADFI, kg/d	0.68	0.65	0.57	0.61	0.01	< 0.01	0.76	0.10
G/F	0.53	0.48	0.52	0.48	0.03	0.76	0.06	0.94
15−28 d
ADG, kg/d	0.44	0.39	0.35	0.34	0.01	< 0.01	0.19	0.35
ADFI, kg/d	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.94	0.01	0.40	0.32	0.32
G/F	0.44	0.39	0.34	0.36	0.02	< 0.01	0.59	0.06
1−28 d
ADG, kg/d	0.40	0.36	0.33	0.32	0.01	< 0.01	0.19	0.35
ADFI, kg/d	0.78	0.77	0.75	0.74	0.01	0.11	0.57	0.86
G/F	0.51	0.46	0.43	0.43	0.02	< 0.01	0.21	0.23
Colon weight, g	170.82^c	275.55^a	209.28^b	207.14^bc	8.56	0.27	< 0.01	< 0.01
Colon length, cm	106.77^c	196.08^a	158.58^b	167.36^ab	6.90	0.27	< 0.01	< 0.01
Colon weight/BW	9.19^b	15.81^a	14.18^a	14.04^a	0.52	0.04	< 0.01	< 0.01
Diarrhea rate, %	4.83	5.08	5.40	6.23	0.01	0.75	0.84	0.91

Values are expressed as means with pooled SEM (n = 11 or 12). P < 0.05 represents significantly difference. ^a−cMeans with different superscript letters in the same row are significantly different (P < 0.05). ADG Average daily gain, ADFI Average daily feed intake, G/F The ratio of ADG to ADFI, BW Body weight, NBW Normal birth weight, IUGR Intrauterine growth retardation, − BA A basal diet without BA, + BA A basal diet supplemented with 400 g/t BA

ISSN: 2049-1891