Debaryomyces hansenii supplementation in low fish meal diets promotes growth, modulates microbiota and enhances intestinal condition in juvenile marine fish

Table 1 Ingredients and proximal composition of the experimental diets

Ingredients, %	Diets
Ingredients, %	Control	Yeast
Fishmeal LT70^a	7.0	7.0
Soy protein concentrate^b	21.0	21.0
Pea protein concentrate	12.0	12.0
Wheat gluten	12.0	12.0
Corn gluten	12.0	12.0
Soybean meal 48	5.0	5.0
Wheat meal	10.4	10.4
Fish oil^c	15.0	15.0
Vit & Min premix (PV01)^d	1.0	1.0
Soy lecithin (Powder)	1.0	1.0
Binder (guar gum)	1.0	1.0
Monocalcium phosphate	2.0	2.0
L-Lysine	0.3	0.3
L-Tryptophan	0.1	0.1
DL-Methionine	0.2	0.2
Total, %	100	100
Supplementation
Yeast (Debaromyces hansenii), %	-	1.1
Feed basis proximate composition
Crude protein, % feed	48.4	48.4
Crude fat, % feed	17.2	17.2
Fiber, % feed	1.53	1.53
Ash, % feed	5.89	5.89
Gross energy, MJ/kg feed	21.7	21.7

^aFishmeal LT70, Norvik 70, Sopropêche, France
^bSOYCOMIL®, ADM Animal Nutrition, Quincy, USA
^cSAVINOR UTS, Trofa, Portugal
^dVitamin and mineral premix (PREMIX Sparos Lda, Portugal): Vitamins (IU or mg/kg diet): DL-alpha tocopherol acetate, 100 mg; sodium menadione bisulphate, 25 mg; retinyl acetate, 20,000 IU; DL-cholecalciferol, 2,000 IU; thiamin, 30 mg; riboflavin, 30 mg; pyridoxine, 20 mg; cyanocobalamin, 0.1 mg; n-icotinic acid, 200 mg; folic acid, 15 mg; ascorbic acid, 500 mg; inositol, 500 mg; biotin, 3 mg; calcium panthotenate, 100 mg; choline chloride, 1,000 mg, betaine, 500 mg. Minerals (g or mg/kg diet): copper sulfate, 9 mg; ferric sulfate, 6 mg; potassium iodide, 0.5 mg; manganese oxide, 9.6 mg; sodium selenite, 0.01 mg; zinc sulfate,7.5 mg; sodium chloride, 400 mg; excipient wheat middlings

ISSN: 2049-1891