Fig. 4

AOS changes cecal microbial community structure. (A) Taxonomic classification tree of 220 MAGs at the species level using GraPhlAn. From the inner to outer rings, the first and second ring represents the CON and AOS group, respectively. The height of each bar in the third ring represents the relative abundance of each specie. Relative abundance of major bacteria (B) phyla, (C) genus, and (D) species for all individuals (n = 16). (E) Microbiome α-diversity in AOS and control groups at specie-level (n = 16). (F) PCoA, PCA, NMDS, and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of intestinal microbial community structure (n = 16)