Fig. 3

AOS increases growth-related hormones and SCFAs. Serum (A) IGF-1, (B) ghrelin and (C) GH activity (n = 16); Cecal concentrations of (D–J) SCFAs of broiler chickens (n = 16). The (K–Q) SCFAs production in batch cultures of AOS using the chicken cecal contents (n = 3). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01