Fig. 1

SFN inhibited expression of inflammatory factors and mediators and NF-κB (p65) activation in LPS-induced primary GMECs. Cells were pretreated with different concentrations of SFN (1.25, 2.5 and 5 μmol/L) for 12 h in the absence or presence of LPS (10 μg/mL) for 6 h. A GMECs were treated SFN for 24 h and the cytotoxicity of SFN was detected using CCK-8 assay (n = 4). B–D qRT-PCR analysis of relative mRNA levels of inflammatory factors (n = 3). E–G Western blot analysis of COX2 and iNOS levels (n = 3). H–J Western blot analysis of p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65 and p65 (n = 3). K Immunofluorescent analysis of NF-κBp65 and nuclear staining with DAPI (blue) in GMECs pretreated with SFN (5 μmol/L) for 12 h in the absence or presence of LPS (10 μg/mL) for 6 h (Bar = 10 μm). One-way ANOVA, Dunnett's post-hoc test. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 and ^****P < 0.0001