Table 3 Summary of published studies evaluating the effect of N-carbamoylglutamate supplementation to ruminants on growth and red meat production

Cattle (Holstein bulls; 408 kg 450 d old); n = 24 (6/group)

0, 20, 40, 80 mg NCG/kg BW

Mixed in feed

↑ ADG, FCR, CP digestibility, N retention, N utilization (linear + quadratic)

↓ Fecal and urinary N (linear)

↓ Plasma ammonia and urea

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Holstein bulls [490 kg BW; n = 24 (6/group in individual pens)]

Control diet (0) vs. Control diet + NCG (40 mg/kg BW) vs. urea diet vs. urea diet + NCG (40 mg/kg BW)

In diet

2-week diet adaptation

7-week treatment (2 times daily feeding)

Control vs. Control + NCG:

↑ ADG (1.48 vs. 1.74 kg/d)

↑ FCR (8.40 vs. 6.91 kg DMI/kg ADG)

↑ Carcass weight (357 vs. 381 kg)

↑ Dressing % (trend; 55.3 vs. 57.9)

↑ Eye muscle area and shear force

↓ Drip loss, Color L*, cooking loss %

[76]