Effect of replacement of soybean oil by Hermetia illucens fat on performance, digestibility, cecal microbiome, liver transcriptome and liver and plasma lipidomes of broilers

Table 1 Composition of the broiler diets, g/kg

Item	Starter diets			Grower diets			Finisher diets
	HI-0	HI-2.5	HI-5.0	HI-0	HI-2.5	HI-5.0	HI-0	HI-2.5	HI-5.0
Maize	300	300	300	280	280	280	280	280	280
Soybean meal (44% CP)	380	380	380	320	320	320	300	300	300
Wheat	205	205	205	283.5	283.5	283.5	308.65	308.65	308.65
Soybean oil	50	25	-	50	25	-	50	25	-
HI fat	-	25	50	-	25	50	-	25	50
Mineral & vitamin mix – Starter^*	20	20	20	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mineral & vitamin mix – Grower^*	-	-	-	20	20	20	-	-	-
Mineral & vitamin mix – Finisher^*	-	-	-	-	-	-	20	20	20
Monocalciumphosphate	15	15	15	15	15	15	9	9	9
Calciumcarbonate	15.5	15.5	15.5	15.5	15.5	15.5	15	15	15
Sodiumchloride	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
DL-Methionine	3.2	3.2	3.2	3	3	3	2.6	2.6	2.6
L-Lysine	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.5	2.5	2.5	1.8	1.8	1.8
L-Threonine	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.4
L-Arginine	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.5	0.5	0.5
L-Valine	1.5	1.5	1.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
L-Isoleucine	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.45	1.45	1.45
TiO₂	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	5	5

^*The mineral & vitamin mix supplied the following minerals and vitamins per kg diet (starter/grower/finisher): Fe, 40/40/40 mg; Cu, 15/15/15 mg; Mn, 100/100/100 mg; Zn, 100/100/100 mg; I, 1/1/1 mg; Se, 0.35/0.35/0.35 mg; vitamin A, 10,000/10,000/10,000 IU; vitamin D₃, 5000/5000/5000 IU; vitamin K₃, 3/3/3 mg; vitamin E, 80/50/50 IU; vitamin B₁, 3/2/2 mg; vitamin B₂, 9/8/6 mg; vitamin B₆, 4/3/3 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.02/0.015/0.015 mg; biotin, 0.2/0.18/0.18 mg; folic acid, 2/2/1.5 mg; nicotinic acid, 60/50/50 mg; choline chloride, 500/400/350 mg; pantothenic acid, 15/12/10 mg
The experimental diets did not contain any technological (e.g., emulsifier) or zootechnical feed additives (e.g., feed enzymes)

ISSN: 2049-1891