Supplemental Clostridium butyricum modulates lipid metabolism by reshaping the gut microbiota composition and bile acid profile in IUGR suckling piglets

Table 2 Effect of supplemental C. butyricum on the content of FA metabolites and their corresponding enzymes in the serum and liver of IUGR suckling piglets

Items¹	NBW-CON²	IUGR-CON	IUGR-CB	P-values
Items¹	NBW-CON²	IUGR-CON	IUGR-CB	1	2	3
Serum
TG, mmol/L	1.27 ± 0.10	1.25 ± 0.18	1.25 ± 0.07	0.993	0.991	1.000
NEFA, µmol/L	1.49 ± 0.14	1.94 ± 0.04^*	0.95 ± 0.11^*^#	0.027	0.005	< 0.001
Liver
TG, µmol/gprot	89.66 ± 4.53	74.37 ± 5.92	108.83 ± 3.98^*^#	0.092	0.029	< 0.001
HL, U/gprot	580.11 ± 14.66	502.69 ± 9.49^*	621.34 ± 5.99^*^#	< 0.001	0.045	< 0.001
LPL, U/gprot	679.73 ± 14.25	675.03 ± 17.36	694.09 ± 20.13	0.980	0.830	0.723
TL, U/gprot	1259.84 ± 19.35	1177.72 ± 11.57^*	1315.43 ± 24.70^#	0.018	0.128	< 0.001
VLDL, mmol/gprot	0.57 ± 0.04	0.52 ± 0.02	0.57 ± 0.02	0.537	0.996	0.587

All data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 8). Significant difference is depicted as ^*P < 0.05 when compared with NBW-CON group, ^#P < 0.05 when compared with IUGR-CON group. Contrast: (1) NBW-CON versus IUGR-CON; (2) NBW-CON versus IUGR-CB; (3) IUGR-CON versus IUGR-CB
¹TG, triglyceride; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; HL, hepatic lipase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; TL, total lipase; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
²NBW-CON, piglets with normal birth weight; IUGR-CON, piglets with intrauterine growth restriction; IUGR-CB, piglets with intrauterine growth restriction supplemented with Clostridium butyricum

ISSN: 2049-1891