Item | RS | P value | WS | P value | LC | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Control | Combination |  | Control | Combination |  | Control | Combination |  |
DMD, % | 7.2 ± 1.60 | 11.5 ± 1.25 | 0.021 | 7.2 ± 1.61 | 11.7 ± 1.27 | 0.019 | 7.4 ± 1.63 | 12.2 ± 1.32 | 0.016 |
Total gas, mL | 83.8 ± 1.61 | 101.9 ± 0.57 | 0.004 | 81.2 ± 4.40 | 100.2 ± 6.51 | 0.010 | 90.7 ± 2.22 | 104.8 ± 6.69 | 0.027 |
pH | 7.1 ± 0.07 | 7.1 ± 0.06 | 0.219 | 7.1 ± 0.08 | 7.2 ± 0.11 | 0.592 | 7.1 ± 0.08 | 7.1 ± 0.07 | 0.462 |
NH3-N, mmol/L | 4.2 ± 0.68 | 5.8 ± 0.72 |  < 0.001 | 3.7 ± 0.64 | 5.6 ± 1.08 |  < 0.001 | 5.4 ± 0.98 | 5.9 ± 1.25 | 0.360 |
MCP, µg/mL | 142.0 ± 24.57 | 170.3 ± 14.70 | 0.009 | 141.1 ± 15.10 | 161.6 ± 8.54 | 0.003 | 157.0 ± 18.33 | 188.5 ± 27.91 | 0.012 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 2.3 ± 0.15 | 2.5 ± 0.18 | 0.020 | 2.4 ± 0.23 | 2.5 ± 0.13 | 0.250 | 3.3 ± 0.35 | 3.4 ± 0.28 | 0.496 |
TVFA, mmol/L | 75.4 ± 2.75 | 89.1 ± 2.50 | 0.003 | 70.9 ± 2.5 | 84.8 ± 5.23 | 0.015 | 76.4 ± 1.27 | 84.3 ± 0.81 | 0.001 |
Acetate | 47.8 ± 1.95 | 57.2 ± 1.80 | 0.004 | 44.9 ± 1.49 | 54.4 ± 3.19 | 0.010 | 47.7 ± 0.60 | 53.5 ± 0.64 |  < 0.001 |
Propionate | 17.4 ± 0.59 | 19.5 ± 0.65 | 0.014 | 16.3 ± 0.61 | 18.4 ± 1.09 | 0.043 | 17.4 ± 0.44 | 18.5 ± 0.10 | 0.014 |
Butyrate | 7.3 ± 0.19 | 8.2 ± 0.24 | 0.007 | 7.0 ± 0.30 | 8.1 ± 0.62 | 0.057 | 7.9 ± 0.28 | 8.2 ± 0.05 | 0.262 |
Other VFAs | 2.9 ± 0.07 | 4.3 ± 0.25 | 0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.12 | 3.9 ± 0.34 | 0.005 | 3.4 ± 0.13 | 4.1 ± 0.04 | 0.001 |
Individual, mol/100Â mol total VFA | |||||||||
 Acetate | 64.2 ± 0.30 | 63.4 ± 0.44 | 0.059 | 64.2 ± 0.23 | 63.4 ± 0.23 | 0.01 | 63.5 ± 0.21 | 62.4 ± 0.53 | 0.031 |
 Propionate | 21.9 ± 0.21 | 23.1 ± 0.21 | 0.002 | 21.7 ± 0.06 | 22.9 ± 0.10 |  < 0.001 | 22.0 ± 0.10 | 22.8 ± 0.21 | 0.003 |
 Butyrate | 9.2 ± 0.15 | 9.6 ± 0.15 | 0.020 | 9.5 ± 0.17 | 9.9 ± 0.10 | 0.026 | 9.7 ± 0.06 | 10.4 ± 0.25 | 0.009 |
 Other VFAs | 4.8 ± 0.36 | 3.9 ± 0.06 | 0.011 | 4.6 ± 0.15 | 3.8 ± 0.06 | 0.001 | 4.9 ± 0.01 | 4.4 ± 0.15 | 0.006 |
 A:P ratio | 2.8 ± 0.04 | 2.9 ± 0.02 | 0.003 | 2.8 ± 0.02 | 3.0 ± 0.01 |  < 0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.05 | 2.9 ± 0.02 | 0.007 |