Table 1 Effects of host defense peptides (HDPs) on swine
HDPs | Dose | Method of administration | Swine | Effects on growth performance (compared to control), % | Other effects (compared to control) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADG | ADFI | G/F | ||||||
Microcin J25 | 500 mg/kg 1000 mg/kg 2000 mg/kg | Feeding | Weaned pigs |  + 1.1  + 3.7  + 9.2 | – 0.4  + 0.5 – 0.3 |  + 1.7  + 3.4  + 6.9 | Decreased the concentrations of the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and increased IL-10 level on serum, decreased D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin concentrations and fecal E. coli numbers, improved fecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium numbers | [71] |
Cecropin AD | 400 mg/kg | Feeding | Weaned pigs challenged with E. coli |  + 14.7 |  + 4.6 |  + 10.9 | Decreased diarrhea incidence by 47.6%, improved villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum, decreased total viable counts of E. coli while increased the Lactobacilli counts in cecum | [72] |
Composite HDPs | 500 mg/kg | Feeding | Weaned pigs | — | — | — | Increased the serum levels of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA and classical swine fever antibody CSF-Ab, CH50 | [73] |
HDP-WK3 | 2000 mg/kg BW | Injecting | Weaned pigs challenged with E. coli |  + 55.9 |  + 28.9 |  + 8.7 | Decreased diarrheal index by 24.4%, increased villus height in the ileum, reduced numbers of Enterobacterium spp. in cecal and attenuated intestinal oxidative damage | [74] |
Cathelicidin-BF | 0.6 mg/kg BW | Injecting | Diarrheal weaned piglets |  + 70.3 |  + 51.7 |  + 11.1 | Decreased diarrheal index by 40.1%, increased the expression levels of zonula occluden-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in the jejunum and colon, decreased IL-6, IL-8, IL-22, IL-10 production in the jejunum and ileum | [75] |
Composite HDPs | 4000 mg/kg | Feeding | Weaned pigs challenged with DON |  + 11.4 | – 3.4 |  + 17.5 | Improved peripheral lymphocyte proliferation rate, serum antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthesis, alleviate organ damage induced by DON | [76] |
Epinecidin-1 | 2500 mg/kg BW | Injecting | Pigs challenged with MRSA | — | — | — | Decreased MRSA counts in the blood, liver, kidney, heart, and lungs, attenuated the levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in serum and MRSA-induced gene expressions | [77] |