Fig. 1From: Pretreatment with probiotics Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-induced gut injury through modulating intestinal microbiome and immune responses with barrier function in broiler chickensHistopathological changes in the ileum of the NC group (a), the PC group (b), the EF group (c), and the PEF group (d). The histological structure of chicken ileum was observed by H&E staining. Magnification was 40 × , and the scale bar was 20 μm. Red arrow, lymphocytes infiltration; blue arrow, hemorrhage; black arrow, defects of epithelium at the tip of villus. NC non-infected and untreated negative control, PC ST-infected positive control without probiotics addition, EF E. faecium-treated group without ST infection, PEF both E. faecium-treated and ST-infected group. ST Salmonella TyphimuriumBack to article page