Table 3 Effects of post-thawing incubation time on sperm morphology, viability, motility and kinematic parameters

 Normal morphology, %

88.97 ± 3.22

 Abnormal morphology, %

11.05 ± 3.22

  Head abnormalities

0.85 ± 0.80

  Cytoplasmic droplets

0.64 ± 0.76

  Tail abnormalities

6.83 ± 2.93

  Isolated heads

2.72 ± 1.61

 Viable sperm, %

50.95 ± 9.55

41.97 ± 9.03^*

36.96 ± 10.76^*

< 0.0001

 Progressive Motility, %

27.96 ± 9.35

22.35 ± 9.36^*

12.96 ± 9.02^*#

< 0.0001

 Non-progressive Motility, %

19.92 ± 7.63

16.23 ± 7.62^*

13.13 ± 9.30^*

< 0.05

 Total Motility, %

47.89 ± 14.20

38.58 ± 15.55^*

26.09 ± 16.94^*#

< 0.001

 Fast velocity, %

31.00 ± 11.48

24.22 ± 11.32^*

12.62 ± 10.10^*#

< 0.001

 Medium velocity, %

8.89 ± 2.74

8.48 ± 2.98

8.30 ± 4.16

n.s.

 Slow velocity, %

8.76 ± 7.97

5.88 ± 4.13^*

5.16 ± 5.57^*

< 0.05

 VCL, μm/s

81.97 ± 16.29

73.22 ± 13.23^*

51.96 ± 13.99^*#

< 0.01

 VSL, μm/s

43.68 ± 13.07

37.63 ± 10.61

22.39 ± 10.39^*#

< 0.001

 VAP, μm/s

50.10 ± 13.09

43.68 ± 10.63^*

28.42 ± 10.17^*#

< 0.01

 LIN, %

52.37 ± 6.82

50.38 ± 7.20

41.08 ± 9.37^*#

< 0.01

 STR, %

86.26 ± 4.79

85.07 ± 5.73

75.76 ± 10.60^*#

< 0.01

 WOB, %

60.49 ± 5.35

58.92 ± 5.29

53.61 ± 5.59^*#

< 0.01

 ALH, μm

3.11 ± 0.49

2.77 ± 0.42^*

2.17 ± 0.52^*#

< 0.01

 BCF, Hz

12.28 ± 1.36

11.99 ± 1.76

8.80 ± 3.65^*#

< 0.01