Table 3 The effect of paulownia leaves silage (PLS) on in vitro ruminal microbial population (n = 4) (Exp.1)

Total bacteria, × 10⁸/mL

1.72

1.58

1.63

1.53

0.08

0.20

0.85

0.40

Total protozoa, × 10³/mL

14.0

12.3

11.9

10.7

0.25

 < 0.01

0.62

0.27

Ophryoscolecidae, × 10³/mL

13.2

11.5

10.8

9.17

0.27

 < 0.01

0.92

0.36

Isotrichidae, × 10³/mL

0.76

0.79

1.15

1.48

0.05

 < 0.01

0.05

0.27

Total archaea, × 10⁶/ mL

3.29

2.86

2.55

2.17

0.13

 < 0.01

0.87

0.84

Methanobacteriales, × 10⁶/mL

2.46

2.15

1.96

1.68

0.09

 < 0.01

0.93

0.79

Methanomicrobiales, × 10⁵/mL

2.40

2.13

2.02

1.66

0.09

 < 0.01

0.79

0.55

Ruminococcus flavefaciens*

0.73

0.65

3.03

5.03

0.80

0.02

0.41

0.75

Fibrobacter succinogenes*

0.19

0.55

0.51

1.83

0.22

0.05

0.33

0.48

Streptococcus bovis*

1.06

2.00

5.61

18.85

2.55

 < 0.01

0.11

0.59

Prevotella spp.*

3.26

6.88

13.78

20.75

2.06

 < 0.01

0.40

0.28

Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus*

1.68

3.18

4.21

6.70

1.06

0.11

0.14

0.53

Ruminococcus albus*

0.21

0.27

1.11

1.42

0.16

0.65

0.13

0.89

Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens*

0.40

0.44

1.52

4.25

1.04

 < 0.01

0.98

0.52

Lactobacillus spp.*

2.15

3.44

8.24

10.06

0.94

0.20

0.61

0.96

Megasphaera elsdenii*

0.73

0.65

3.03

5.03

0.80

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

0.02