Heat stress impacts the multi-domain ruminal microbiota and some of the functional features independent of its effect on feed intake in lactating dairy cows

Table 1 α-Diversity metrics of ruminal multi-kingdom microbiota in heat-stressed (HS) cows and pair-fed thermoneutral (PFTN) control cows

Measurements	Treatments (Trt^a)		SEM	P-values
Measurements	PFTN	HS	SEM	Trt	Period (P)	Trt × P
Bacteria and archaea
Chao1 estimates	259	249	14.57	0.706	0.437	0.061
Observed ASVs	259	248	14.42	0.704	0.426	0.060
Observed genera	62	55	2.78	0.210	0.181	0.342
Observed species	66	59	3.02	0.222	0.194	0.370
Evenness	0.87	0.87	0.01	0.927	0.045	0.935
Faith’s phylogenetic diversity	21.57	19.92	0.98	0.365	0.274	0.204
Shannon’s index	6.95	6.88	0.11	0.724	0.124	0.406
Simpson’s index	0.98	0.98	0	0.992	0.105	0.770
Fungi
Chao1 estimates	81	83	5.31	0.837	0.155	0.327
Observed ASVs	81	83	5.32	0.888	0.136	0.358
Observed genera	44	43	3.82	0.897	0.105	0.584
Observed species	50	50	4.66	0.979	0.085	0.592
Evenness	0.69	0.73	0.02	0.222	0.414	0.164
Faith’s phylogenetic diversity	20.05	20.10	1.48	0.987	0.084	0.418
Shannon’s index	4.31	4.67	0.14	0.184	0.123	0.245
Simpson’s index	0.89	0.92	0.01	0.100	0.900	0.145
Protozoa
Chao1 estimates	19	19	0.874	0.819	0.631	0.806
Observed ASVs	19	19	0.861	0.793	0.602	0.746
Observed genera	5.5^b	6.13^a	0.164	0.004	0.473	0.089
Observed species	10	10	0.272	0.633	0.074	0.347
Evenness	0.66	0.53	0.044	0.057	0.001	0.574
Faith’s phylogenetic diversity	1.56	1.42	0.172	0.732	0.976	0.630
Shannon’s index	2.76	2.27	0.187	0.075	0.001	0.483
Simpson’s index	0.76	0.65	0.047	0.134	0.009	0.377

ISSN: 2049-1891