Fig. 7

Effects of dietary natural astaxanthin (ASTA) supplementation on the mRNA expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) signaling pathway, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (a), p38 (b), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) (c), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) (d), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) (e), and Nrf2 (f) relative to that of β-actin (ACTB). The values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of six birds per treatment group. ^a–d Means within a row with no common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)