Table 3 Impact of various DFM supplementation on health and performance of growing or finishing ruminants

S. cerevisiae

5 g/d

In ration

Receiving beef cattle with LPS challenge

No effect on leak cortisol concentrations

Improved cumulative DMI

[110]

S. cerevisiae CNCM I-1077

8 × 10⁹ cfu/d

Pelleted and mixed in rations with monensin

Receiving and backgrounding beef cattle

–

Increased BW, ADG, G:F on d 47; no effect on cumulative ADG, DMI, G:F during d 1–77

[111]

L. acidophilus

E. faecium

10⁹ cfu/d

Top-dressed to the ration

Receiving beef cattle

No effect on morbidity, humoral immune response

No effect on DMI, feed efficiency; maintained fecal pH between d 7 and 14; performance response may relate to degradable intake protein levels

[10]

S. cerevisiae

Low:

3 × 10¹⁰ cfu/d

High:

6 × 10¹⁰ cfu/d

In steam-flaked corn-based diets

Finishing beef cattle

–

No impact on DMI, ADG, G:F, feeding behavior; increased carcass quality with increasing yeast inclusion; increased total tract apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, fiber

[51]

S. cerevisiae

1.7 × 10¹⁰ cfu/g

In ruminally protected and/or nonprotected forms and top-dressed to the diets

Finishing beef cattle

Higher LPS binding protein concentration; reduced liver abscess

No effect on DMI, final BW, ADG, G:F, carcass traits, NEFA; tended to reduce fecal shedding of E. coli in encapsulated yeast treated cattle

[112]

S. cerevisiae Sc47 CNCM I-4407

2.5, 5, or 10 g:

1 × 10¹⁰ cfu/g

In ration

Finishing beef cattle

–

Dose effect depended on the type of diet; affected digestibility of DM, fiber

[113]

S. cerevisiae

2 or 4 g/d:

2 × 10¹⁰ cfu/g

In ration

Finishing beef cattle

–

Improved ADG and ruminal propionate concentration; supplementation at 4 g/d shifted rumen microbial composition

[114]

S. cerevisiae

1.5 g/d

Top-dressed to the ration

Finishing beef cattle with heat stress

–

No effect on BW, ADG, water intake in thermoneutral conditions, complete blood counts, glucose, NEFA; water intake higher under heat stress, tendency in decreasing respiration rates under heat stress

[115]

K. marximanus NRRL3234

S. cerevisiae NCDC42

S. uvarum ATCC9080

Single strain or mixed culture (1:1:1):

1.5–2.0 × 10⁹ live cells/kg BW

In ration

Feedlot lambs

–

No effect on intake, N intake and N in feces and urine; improved microbial CP synthesis and feed efficiency; NCDC42 and mixed DFM increased BW gain

[109]

S. cerevisiae

L. sporogenes

1.5% of concentrate:

SC: 1.3 × 10¹¹ cfu/g;

SC 1.5 × 10¹¹ cfu/g and LS 5 × 10¹⁰ cfu/g

In ration

Weaned growing lambs

–

No effect on body weight, ADG, digestibility of all nutrients (except higher acid detergent fiber digestibility in treated groups); similar carcass traits

[12]

S. cerevisiae

5 × 10⁸ cfu/d

In ration

Finishing lambs

–

No effect on DMI, feed conversion, weight gain, rib eye dimensions, carcass subcutaneous fat thickness; increased carcass weight and length; increased rumination time

[116]

L. acidophilus NP51

10⁹ cfu/d

In ration

Finishing beef cattle

–

No effect on gain, intake, feed efficiency; reduced E. coli O158:H7 fecal shedding

[31]

L. acidophilus

L. casei

1 × 10⁹ cfu/d

In ration

Finishing beef cattle

–

No effect on E. coli fecal prevalence or supershedding prevalence

[33]

R. flavefaciens

5.6 × 10¹³ powder/d;

1.1 × 10¹⁴ liquid/d

Powder or liquid form in concentrate feed mixture

Growing lambs

–

Increased digestibility, N utilization, total VFA, rumen volume, microbial N synthesis, gas production, and ADG; decreased ammonia, acetate, in vitro methane concentrations, protozoa count

[117]

L. fermentum and L. plantarum (FP)

S. cerevisiae (SC) plus FP (SCFP)

M. elsdenii plus SCFP (MSCFP)

FP: 4.5 × 10⁸ cfu/d;

SCFP: 4.5 × 10⁸ cfu/d FP + 1.4 × 10¹⁰ cfu/d SC;

MSCFP: 4.5 × 10⁸ cfu/d FP + 1.4 × 10¹⁰ cfu/d SC + 4.5 × 10⁸ cfu/d ME

Oral dosed with a 50 mL microbial suspension before morning feeding

Growing lambs

Higher populations of R. albus and R. flavefaciens in MSCFP and SCFP than control and FP; highest M. elsdenii and lowest methanogen abundance

No effect on feed intake, BW; increased ADG, feed efficiency in 21 d; highest protein supply in MSCFP lambs

[34]