Fig. 9

Cysteamine (CS) pretreatment prolongs the phosphorylation of Stat3 in H₂O₂-treated PVECs. A, B Western blotting analysis of the expression of Phospho-Stat3 (p-Stat3), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of cysteamine (0.5, 1 or 2 mmol/L CS) for 2 h, and then challenged with H₂O₂ (200 μmol/L) for 24 h (n = 3). C, D Representative images of tube formation by PVECs, pretreated with CS (0.5 mmol/L) and/or inhibitors of Stat3 (5 μmol/L stattic) for 2 h, and then challenged with H₂O₂ (200 μmol/L) for 24 h (n = 5; bar = 100 μm)5. E CCK8 assay was used to measure cell viability after different treatments as described above (n = 6). F, G Western blotting analysis of the expression of p-Stat3 and VEGF-A (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Different letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05