Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin

Table 3 Effect of dietary vitamin K (VK) supplementation and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) challenge on tibia parameters of laying hens (n = 12)

VK, mg/kg	SE^c	Tibia length, cm		Fresh tibia weight, g		Dry tibia weight, g		Tibia strength, N		Total BMD^d, g/cm²		Medullary area, cm²
VK, mg/kg	SE^c	Week 42	Week 44	Week 42	Week 44	Week 42	Week 44	Week 42	Week 44	Week 42	Week 44	Week 42	Week 44
0	–	11.53	11.67	9.73	9.97	4.99	5.13	183.25^b	235.50^b	0.29	0.28	1.42	1.59
0	+		11.43		9.39		4.98		209.44^b		0.28		1.91
2	–	11.66	11.46	9.46	9.61	5.00	5.08	221.14^a	364.00^a	0.28	0.32	1.52	0.87
2	+		11.58		9.75		5.25		220.75^b		0.29		1.65
	SEM^e	0.079	0.101	0.248	0.253	0.131	0.190	12.320	28.053	0.033	0.023	0.312	0.193
0		–	11.55	–	9.68	–	5.06	–	222.47^b	–	0.28	–	1.76^a
2		–	11.53	–	9.69	–	5.17	–	287.60^a	–	0.30	–	1.26^b
	SEM^e	–	0.072	–	0.182	–	0.137	–	20.185	–	0.016	–	0.140
	–	–	11.57	–	9.80	–	5.11	–	295.47^a	–	0.30	–	1.19^b
	+	–	11.51	–	9.57	–	5.11	–	215.09^b	–	0.29	–	1.77^a
	SEM^e	–	0.072	–	0.182	–	0.137	–	20.185	–	0.016	–	0.140
	VK	0.260	0.781	0.446	0.984	0.923	0.573	0.049	0.017	0.851	0.306	0.836	0.017
P-values⁴	SE	–	0.571	–	0.400	–	0.963	–	0.004	–	0.531	–	0.009
	VE × SE	–	0.094	–	0.168	–	0.418	–	0.045	–	0.589	–	0.253

^{a, b}Means within a column with no common superscripts differ (P < 0.05)
^cSE Salmonella Enteritidis; −, without SE challenge; +, with SE challenge
^dTotal BMD Total bone mineral density
^eSEM Pooled standard error of the mean
⁴P-values for main effect of VK, the main effect of SE challenge, and the interaction between the VK treatments and SE challenge

ISSN: 2049-1891