Lignocellulose as an insoluble fiber source in poultry nutrition: a review

Table 2 Impact of dietary lignocellulose on broiler growth performance

Feed¹	Age, d	LC Inclusion², %	Final BW³, g	AFI⁴, g	AWG⁵, g	FCR	Reference
1	21	0		1057	582	1.81^a	[26]
		0.25		1049	596	1.75^a
		0.50		1033	615	1.67^b
		0.75		1030	618	1.66^b
	1–42	0		4016	1915^b	2.1^a
		0.25		4086	2084^a	1.96^b
		0.50		4030	2073^a	1.94^b
		0.75		4156	2147^a	1.93^b
1	1–42	0	2422		80.2	1.865	[27]
		0.25	2423		80.7	1.876
		0.5	2436		81.0	1.854
		1.0	2429		81.0	1.875
3	7–14	0		161	69.2^b	2.33^a	[28]
		1		150	78.0^a	1.92^b
		2		150	71.7^b	2.09^ab
	14–21	0		326	128	2.55^a
		1		299	152	1.98^b
		2		291	145	2.03^b
1	1–10	0		294	277	1.059	[24]
		1		292	271	1.078
		2		294	276	1.065
	1–35	0		3770	2741	1.376
		1		3778	2716	1.392
		2		3797	2719	1.397
1	1–21	0		1085	860	1.265^b	[29]
1	1–21	1		1054	815	1.297^a	[29]
1	1–7	0		129^b	121^c	1.07^a	[30]
		0.4		132^b	128^ab	1.03^b
		0.6⁶		140^a	132^a	1.06^a
		0.6⁷		130^b	126^bc	1.03^b
	14–21	0		590	396^b	1.49
		0.4		588	402^b	1.46
		0.6⁶		621	432^a	1.44
		0.6⁷		594	403^b	1.47
	28–42	0	2428^b	2295^a	1284	1.79^a
		0.4	2423^b	2084^b	1245	1.67^b
		0.6⁶	2611^a	2186^c	1310	1.67^b
		0.6⁷	2495^b	2182^bc	1292	1.69^b
1	1–35	0	2431	3459	2390	1.42	[22]
		0.8⁸	2370	3386	2329	1.42
		0.8⁸	2490	3452	2448	1.39
1	13–25	0	1080^a	0.250⁹	0.173¹⁰		[31]
		5	995^ab	0.258⁹	0.164¹⁰
		10	928^bc	0.258⁹	0.153¹⁰
		15	836^c	0.270⁹	0.149¹⁰
1	1–35	0	2154^bc	1293^ab	650	1.58^a,11	[32]
		0.05	2201^b	1266^bc	631	1.51^b,11
		0.1	2305^a	1314^a	667	1.50^b,11
		0.2	2142^c	1266^c	626	1.55^ab,11
2	70–91	0.8	1658	899	454	1.98	[25]
		5	1639	992	467	2.15
		10	1618	905	432	2.10

¹ Feed formulation according to Fig. 1; ² Information on the LC product used, if specified, is given in additional file 1;³ BW = body weight; ⁴AFI = average feed intake; ⁵ AWG = average weight gain; ⁶ LC was included in the diet at the expense of 0.3% soybean meal and 0.3% maize; ⁷ LC was included in the diet at the expense of 0.6% soybean meal; ⁸ Two different lignocellulose products were compared; ⁹ Indicated as average daily feed intake in (g/d)/BW; ¹⁰ Indicated as average daily gain in g/d/BW; ¹¹ Indicated as g weight gain/g feed consumption; ^a,b,cMeans with different superscripts are significantly different

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