Dietary isoleucine improved flesh quality, muscle antioxidant capacity, and muscle growth associated with AKT/TOR/S6K1 and AKT/FOXO3a signaling in hybrid bagrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂)

Table 2 Muscle physiochemical parameters of hybrid bagrid catfish fed experimental diets containing graded levels of Ile for 8 weeks¹

Items²	Dietary Ile levels, g/kg							SEM	P-values
Items²	5.0	7.5	10.0	12.5	15.0	17.5	20.0	SEM	Linear	Quadratic
pH_45min	7.11^a	7.15^a	7.50^ab	7.62^b	7.60^b	7.59^b	7.50^ab	0.05	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
pH_24h	6.83	6.83	6.78	6.78	6.89	6.83	6.78	0.03	0.79	0.76
Shear force	0.26^abc	0.22^a	0.19^a	0.32^c	0.25^abc	0.32^bc	0.22^ab	0.02	0.06	0.11
Cooking loss	20.49	18.27	19.78	19.28	19.42	17.45	19.25	0.72	0.16	0.56
Lactate	0.27^c	0.24^bc	0.21^abc	0.16^a	0.17^ab	0.19^ab	0.18^ab	0.01	< 0.0001	< 0.01
Cathepsin B	2.04^abc	1.72^ab	1.63^a	2.16^abc	2.44^c	3.34^d	2.38^bc	0.08	< 0.0001	0.12
Cathepsin L	0.87^c	0.88^c	1.05^d	0.80^bc	0.74^b	0.72^b	0.61^a	0.01	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Hydroxyproline	0.15^ab	0.22^bc	0.26^c	0.49^d	0.30^c	0.13^ab	0.12^a	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.0001

¹ Values are mean ± SEM of three replicate groups with 6 fish in each group. Mean values with the different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (P < 0.05)
² Shear force, N/(mm·s); Cooking loss, %; Lactate content, mmol/g protein; Cathepsin B and L activities, U/g protein; Hydroxyproline concentration, μg/mg protein

ISSN: 2049-1891