Table 1 Concentrations of plasma biomarkers at − 10 d relative to parturition in cows classified according to normal body condition score (BCS) (≤ 3.25, NormBCS; n = 30) or high BCS (≥ 3.75, HighBCS; n = 19) at 4 weeks prior to parturition

 BHBA, mmol/L

0.44

0.46

 Creatinine, μmol/L

96.2

95.4

 Glucose, mmol/L

4.59^*

4.39

 NEFA, mmol/L

0.30^*

0.19

 Urea, mmol/L

5.40^*

6.16

 AST/GOT, U/L

68.7

75.3

 Cholesterol, mmol/L

2.54^*

2.86

 GGT, U/L

18.8

20.5

 Total bilirubin, μmol/L

1.12

0.98

 Albumin, g/L

36.2

36.3

 Ceruloplasmin, μmol/L

2.54^*

2.30

 Haptoglobin, g/L

0.26

0.26

 Myeloperoxidase, U/L

478

453

 Paraoxonase, U/mL

86.9

87.7

 FRAP, μmol/L

104

111

 NO_x, μmol/L

31.5^*

29.9

 Nitrites, μmol/L

7.51

7.24

 Nitrates, μmol/L

23.3

22.4

 ROM, mg H₂O₂/100 mL

13.3

12.5

 Retinol, μg/100 mL

27.9

31.5

 Tocopherol, μg/mL

3.49

3.81