Growth performance, oxidative stress and immune status of newly weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids with or without supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols

Table 1 Composition of the experimental Phase 1 and 2 diets. As fed basis^a

Item	Phase 1	Phase 2
Ingredient, %
Corn, yellow dent	36.35	55.34
Soybean meal, 47.5% CP	21.00	34.67
Whey permeate	20.00	–
Poultry byproduct meal	6.76	–
Fish meal, menhaden	4.00	–
Plasma, spray-dried	4.00	–
Soybean oil^b	6.00	6.00
Monocalcium phosphate, 21% P	0.35	1.53
Limestone	0.24	1.16
Zinc oxide, 72% Zn	0.26	–
Copper sulfate, 25.2% Cu	0.07	0.07
L-lysine HCl	0.27	0.36
DL-methionine	0.20	0.18
L-threonine	0.13	0.14
L-tryptophan	0.01	–
Salt	0.15	0.35
Mineral premix^c	0.15	0.15
Vitamin premix^d	0.05	0.05
Calculated Composition
ME, kcal/kg	3609	3556
Crude protein, %	24.2	21.7
Total lysine, %	1.70	1.45
Ca, %	0.80	0.80
P, %	0.76	0.72
Standardized ileal digestible amino acids, %
Lys	1.50	1.30
Thr	0.93	0.81
Met	0.53	0.47
Met+Cys	0.87	0.75
Trp	0.27	0.23

^aDiets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) recommendations. Phase 1 diets were fed from day 0 to 14 and Phase 2 diets were fed from day 14 to day 35. Experimental diets were created from a common basal mix to which the appropriate oil source was added, and by replacing corn in the control diet with vitamin E (Rovimix®, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) to supply 200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, or 400 mg/kg of a blend of plant-based polyphenols (Promote® AOX^t™ 50, Cargill, Inc., Wayzata, MN)
^b Control or peroxidized soybean oil. Peroxidation was created by heating control oil at 80 °C while bubbling air through oil at the rate of 50 L/min for 12 d. Control and peroxidized soybean oil were stabilized with 0.1% liquid antioxidant containing tertiary butyl hydroquinone after peroxidation was completed. Analyzed dietary crude fat concentrations were 7.74% and 6.96% for Phase 1 and 5.34% and 4.01% for Phase 2 for control and peroxidized oil treatments, respectively
^cSupplied per kg of complete diet: 33 mg of Mn, 110 mg of Zn, 110 mg of Fe, 17 mg of Cu, 0.30 mg of I and 0.30 mg of Se
^dSupplied per kg of complete diet: 8,270 IU of vitamin A, 1,650 IU of vitamin D₃, 33 IU of vitamin E, 0.04 mg of vitamin B₁₂ as D-calcium pantothenate, 3.3 mg of vitamin K as menadione sodium bisulfite complex, 7.7 mg of riboflavin, 25.0 mg of d-pantothenic acid, 44.1 mg of niacin, 0.11 mg of biotin

ISSN: 2049-1891