Effects of maternal dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine during late gestation on fetal growth, DNA methylation, and mRNA relative expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation in placenta and offspring’s liver in sheep

Table 6 Effects of supplementation with omega-3 PUFA and Met on fetal liver mRNA expression^d

Gene	Treatment				SEM	P values^e
Gene	NS	MS	FS	FS-MS	SEM	L	M	L×M
Resolvin metabolic pathway
ALOX15	17.94	22.62	17.276	21.71	7.32	0.91	0.50	0.99
ALOX15B	13.66	10.24	9.40	8.40	3.28	0.32	0.47	0.69
ALOX5	48.19	54.44	53.71	45.68	5.81	0.76	0.88	0.19
ALOX5AP	8.98	6.40	10.73	11.75	1.77	0.04	0.63	0.28
COX-2	145.51	148.7	138.17	180.01	28.83	0.65	0.40	0.47
Inflammatory response
TNF	13.41^b	20.44^c	19.76^c	12.68^a	3.61	0.83	0.99	0.05
IL1B	51.46	58.71	66.67	60.25	9.73	0.36	0.96	0.45
IL6	2.05	2.17	4.78	1.31	1.07	0.35	0.10	0.08
Met cycle
MAT1A	9209.03	8098.25	7150.28	7074.33	864.51	0.06	0.46	0.52
AHCY	1904.50^b	1713.29^c	1594.18^c	2543.81^a	288.24	0.33	0.16	0.04
DNA methylation
DNMT1	199.51	166.00	217.60	140.60	26.97	0.88	0.04	0.38
DNMT2	180.94	173.22	159.46	143.92	21.68	0.21	0.56	0.84
DNMT3A	256.89	285.27	271.28	246.83	22.96	0.57	0.93	0.22
DNMT3B	11.19	10.75	12.63	8.64	1.85	0.85	0.20	0.30
Lipid metabolism
DGAT1	448.25	522.41	529.36	275.58	112.92	0.43	0.39	0.13
FATP1	37.09	42.05	41.60	26.46	6.13	0.33	0.37	0.09
FABP4	8.10	20.58	3.68	8.66	6.78	0.20	0.17	0.55
FADS1	597.45	837.10	813.79	578.39	131.67	0.86	0.99	0.06
FADS2	574.01	691.07	671.96	698.91	193.61	0.77	0.69	0.80
ELOVL2	13.72	23.08	13.96	15.76	3.71	0.31	0.11	0.28
FFAR1	8.89	4.30	11.08	5.81	2.93	0.49	0.08	0.89
FFAR4	16.66	12.65	25.89	24.05	6.75	0.11	0.64	0.86
FASN	15.88	16.92	17.38	19.04	2.64	0.46	0.58	0.89
SCD	331.60	293.74	374.25	294.43	80.28	0.77	0.43	0.78
PPARA	1231.39	1246.15	1069.26	1282.38	138.08	0.62	0.37	0.44
PPARD	37.09^b	40.4^c	40.12^c	26.38^a	3.84	0.13	0.15	0.03
PPARG	17.63^c	25.87^a	27.29^a	23.65^b	2.88	0.17	0.39	0.04

^a,b,cValues with different superscript differ with a P value ≤0.05
^dData is presented as a least square means ± standard error of the mean (SEM)
^eL = lipid effect of FA supplementation in the dam diet, M = methionine effect of ME supplementation in the dam, L×M = lipid and methionine effect of FA-ME supplementation in the dam
FS Fatty acid, FS-MS Fatty acids and methionine supplementation, MS Methionine supplementation, Met Methionine, NEFA Non-esterified fatty acids, NS Basal diet with no supplementation, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids

ISSN: 2049-1891