Dietary energy sources and levels shift the multi-kingdom microbiota and functions in the rumen of lactating dairy cows

Table 2 Predicted KEGG hierarchies (orthologs, modules, and pathways), Protein families (Pfam), Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG), Enzyme Classification numbers (EC numbers), and MetaCyc pathways counts in each treatment

Measurements	LE		HE		SEM	P-values
Measurements	GC	SFC	GC	SFC	SEM	NE	ES	Period	NE × ES
KEGG orthologs	5731	5563	5351	5290	67	0.0126	0.3778	0.5038	0.6221
KEGG modules	282	278	280	276	1	0.5080	0.1011	0.5542	0.9846
KEGG pathways	145^A	143^AB	140^B	141^AB	1	0.0059	0.8504	0.3523	0.2589
PFAM	6757^a	6595^ab	6384^ab	6329^b	68	0.0120	0.3980	0.3932	0.6092
COG	4181^a	4111^ab	4064^ab	4045^b	22	0.0283	0.2666	0.7715	0.5084
EC numbers	1816^A	1757^AB	1715^AB	1697^B	16	0.0096	0.2191	0.3870	0.4541
Fungal EC numbers	989^A	984^AB	972^AB	966^B	3	0.0016	0.3540	0.3209	0.9354
MetaCyc pathways	369^A	361^AB	343^B	345^AB	4	0.0035	0.6464	0.5974	0.4276

LE Low energy, HE High energy, GC ground corn, SFC Steam-flaked corn, NE Effect of dietary energy level, ES effect of energy sources, NE × ES Interaction between NE and ES
Different superscripts within a row indicate significant difference (P ≤ 0.05), while different superscripts in lower case indicate tendency (P ≤ 0.1). The P-values ≤0.05 are bolded

ISSN: 2049-1891