Table 4 Virulence genes in E. coli isolated from piglet feces
From: Zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles as alternatives to zinc oxide in diet of weaned piglets
| Â | STa | STb | Stx2 | F4 | F18 | STb/F4 | STb/F18 | STa/STb | Stx2/F18 | Stx2/STb | Number of isolates/positive | Positive piglets/piglets with diarrhea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 0 | ||||||||||||
 Control | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 15/2 | 2/0 |
 ZnA 500 | – | 1/1a | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 16/2 | 2/1 |
 ZnA 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16/0 | – |
 ZnA 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13/0 | – |
 ZnC 500 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15/0 | – |
 ZnC 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12/0 | – |
 ZnC 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10/0 | – |
 ZnO 500 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11/0 | – |
 ZnO 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12/0 | – |
 ZnO 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 16/1 | 1/0 |
Day 5 | ||||||||||||
 Control | – | – | – | 1 | – | 5/3 a | 5/2 a | – | – | – | 12/11 | 10/5 |
 ZnA 500 | – | 4 | – | 1/1 a | – | 4/1 a | 1 | 1 | – | – | 13/11 | 9/2 |
 ZnA 1000 | – | 1 | – | 2/1 a | – | 7/4 a | – | 1 | – | – | 12/11 | 10/5 |
 ZnA 2000 | – | 3 | – | 1 | – | 8/3 a | – | – | – | – | 12/12 | 10/3 |
 ZnC 500 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | 5/2 a | – | – | – | 12/8 | 8/2 |
 ZnC 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12/0 | – |
 ZnC 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11/0 | – |
 ZnO 500 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | 11/2 | 2/0 |
 ZnO 1000 | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | 5/3 a | – | – | – | – | 10/7 | 6/3 |
 ZnO 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | 5/3 a | – | 1 | – | – | 12/6 | 6/3 |
Day 10 | ||||||||||||
 Control | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15/0 | – |
 ZnA 500 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7/3 a | – | – | – | 8/7 | 7/3 |
 ZnA 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6/2 a | 1 | – | – | 11/7 | 6/2 |
 ZnA 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | 4/1 a | 3 | 1 | – | – | 13/8 | 6/1 |
 ZnC 500 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 22/0 | – |
 ZnC 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | – | 5/3 | 3/0 |
 ZnC 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 12/2 | 2/0 |
 ZnO 500 | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 4 | – | – | 26/8 | 5/0 |
 ZnO 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | 17/5 | 4/0 |
 ZnO 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | 18/3 | 3/0 |
Day 20 | ||||||||||||
 Control | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | 17/3 | 2/0 |
 ZnA 500 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6/1 | 1/0 |
 ZnA 1000 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7/1 | 1/0 |
 ZnA 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4/2 a | – | – | 11/4 | 2/1 |
 ZnC 500 | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | 22/4 | 4/0 |
 ZnC 1000 | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | 15/3 | 3/0 |
 ZnC 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 5/1 a | – | – | – | 15/7 | 6/1 |
 ZnO 500 | – | 5 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | 14/10 | 5/0 |
 ZnO 1000 | – | 7 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 14/8 | 4/0 |
 ZnO 2000 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 11/1 | 1/0 |