Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell wall extracts on performance and gut response in broiler chickens

Table 4 Gut morphometry, number of goblet cells and density of CD45+ and CD3+ cells at 21 and 42 d of age

Age (A)	21 d		42 d		P-value			RMSE^e
Dietary treatment (D)	Control (C)	Yeast (Y)	Control (C)	Yeast (Y)	A	D	A×D	RMSE^e
Broilers, n	12	12	12	12
Villi height, μm	1011	1086	1350	1363	< 0.001	0.07	0.19	180
Crypt depth, μm	151	162	140	141	0.03	0.12	0.17	31
Villi to crypt ratio	6.70	6.70	9.64	9.67	< 0.001	0.71	0.79	1.27
Goblet cells density, cells/500 μm	24.3^b	54.3^d	19.1^a	39.6^c	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	3.61
Goblet cells area, μm²	40.5^d	12.0^a	37.8^c	16.7^b	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	8.72
CD45+, cells/10,000 μm²	–	–	2972	2728	–	< 0.001	–	549
CD3+, cells/10,000 μm²	–	–	2180	2037	–	0.08	–	639

^{a, b, c, d}Values with different superscript letters significantly differ (P < 0.05)
^eRMSE, root mean square error

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