High rumen degradable starch decreased goat milk fat via trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated downregulation of lipogenesis genes, particularly, INSIG1

Table 3 Yield of major fatty acids in milk of dairy goats fed different RDS diets

FA yield^d, g/d	Treatment^c			SEM^e	P-value
FA yield^d, g/d	LRDS	MRDS	HRDS	SEM^e	P-value
C4:0	0.42	0.43	0.33	0.026	0.187
C6:0	0.70^a	0.66^a	0.42^b	0.044	0.008
C8:0	1.03^a	0.99^a	0.62^b	0.072	0.024
C10:0	4.08^a	4.09^a	2.77^b	0.261	0.049
C11:0	0.64^ab	0.73^a	0.04^b	0.006	0.052
C12:0	2.14^b	3.08^a	1.90^b	0.176	0.007
C13:0	0.07^a	0.07^a	0.04^b	0.005	0.021
C14:0	5.67^a	6.46^a	3.41^b	0.465	0.011
cis-9 C14:1	0.10	0.11	0.07	0.009	0.229
C15:0	0.48^a	0.49^a	0.29^b	0.004	0.033
cis-10 C15:1	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.008	0.277
C16:0	15.31^a	15.59^a	9.47^b	1.114	0.029
cis-9 C16:1	0.63	0.58	0.42	0.040	0.091
C17:0	0.61	0.61	0.45	0.042	0.233
cis-10 C17:1	0.21	0.19	0.15	0.013	0.091
C18:0	3.77^a	3.72^a	1.85^b	0.318	0.009
cis-9 C18:1	10.70^a	8.17^ab	5.55^b	0.706	0.004
trans-9 C18:1	0.14^a	0.10^a	0.06^b	0.010	0.002
trans-10 C18:1	0.09	0.11	0.07	0.013	0.577
trans-11 C18:1	0.55^a	0.51^a	0.30^b	0.040	0.009
cis-9,12 C18:2	1.41	1.54	1.06	0.103	0.150
trans-9,12 C18:2	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.002	0.125
cis-9, trans-11 CLA	0.73^a	0.70^a	0.34^b	0.071	0.035
trans-10, cis-12 CLA	0.01^b	0.03^a	0.03^a	0.003	0.018
C18:3n-3	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.008	0.677
C18:3n-6	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.004	0.207
SCFAs^f	1.13^a	1.10^a	0.75^b	0.063	0.013
MCFAs^g	7.32^ab	8.27^a	5.33^b	0.472	0.025
LCFAsh	40.28^a	38.60^a	23.53^b	2.734	0.012
SFAsⁱ	38.73^a	38.03^a	21.88^b	2.515	0.002
MUFAs^j	12.06^a	9.40^ab	6.47^b	0.784	0.006
PUFAs^k	2.47	2.57	1.73	0.175	0.095

^a-b Means within the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)
^cTreatments were the LRDS diet (RDS = 20.52%), MRDS diet (RDS = 22.15%), and HRDS diet (RDS = 24.88%) with similar total starch contents
^dYield of major fatty acids = milk fat mass × individual fatty acid proportion
^eSEM Standard error of mean
^fSCFAs short chain fatty acids
^gMCFAs medium chain fatty acids
^hLCFAs long chain fatty acids
ⁱSFAs saturated fatty acids
^jMUFAs monounsaturated fatty acids
^kPUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids

ISSN: 2049-1891