Net absorption and liver metabolism of amino acids and heat production of portal-drained viscera and liver in multiparous sows during transition and lactation

Hu, Liang; Kristensen, Niels Bastian; Che, Lianqiang; Wu, De; Theil, Peter Kappel

doi:10.1186/s40104-019-0417-7

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 6 Hepatic blood and plasma flow, and net hepatic fluxes of gases, insulin, urea, and amino acids in sows during late gestation and in early and peak lactation¹

From: Net absorption and liver metabolism of amino acids and heat production of portal-drained viscera and liver in multiparous sows during transition and lactation

Item	DIM²				SEM	ST²								SEM	P-value
	−10	−3	3	17		− 0.5	0.5	1.5	2.5	3.5	4.5	5.5	6.5		DIM	ST	ST×DIM
Hepatic flows, L/h
Plasma	226^b	224^b	229^b	359^a	14	245^cd	295^a	280^ab	261^abc	274^abc	254^bc	247^bcd	219^d	15	< 0.001	0.006	0.58
Blood	312^b	302^b	311^b	501^a	19	362^b	419^a	381^b	350^b	363^b	342^b	336^bc	299^c	20	< 0.001	0.005	0.46
Net hepatic fluxes
O₂, mmol/h	-575^b	-542^b	-537^b	-904^a	61	− 603	− 695	− 693	− 670	− 681	− 671	− 588	− 516	69	< 0.001	0.32	0.65
CO₂, mmol/h	490^b	401^b	417^b	764^a	62	393^b	572^a	601^a	616^a	589^a	538^ab	442^ab	392^b	78	< 0.001	0.03	0.22
Insulin, mol/h	−16.3^bc	−13.7^c	−23.7^b	−35.9^a	3.4	−9.4^cd	−59.5^a	− 28.1^b	−29.4^b	− 17.9^c	− 15.9^cd	− 11.6^cd	−7.5^d	3.9	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.003
Urea, mmol/h	40.5^b	36.9^b	33.5^b	75.5^a	4.2	35.8	37.4	55.5	52.4	54.8	49.5	44.6	42.9	5.4	< 0.001	0.09	0.12
Essential AA, g/d
Lys	−3.3	−4.9	− 5.5	− 3.9	0.9	−2.5^c	−6.3^ab	−8.0^a	−6.4^ab	− 2.1^c	− 4.4^bc	− 3.4^bc	− 2.1^c	1.3	0.12	< 0.001	0.09
Met	(1.0)	(0.5)	(0.1)	(0.6)	0.6	1.4	(0.0)	(0.3)	(−0.9)	(0.1)	1.2	1.7	(1.0)	0.8	0.68	0.20	0.35
Thr	−1.9	−3.5	−2.9	−4.0	0.9	− 3.1^abc	−5.6^a	− 5.0^ab	− 1.9^c	− 0.6^c	− 2.9^abc	− 3.1^abc	− 2.5^bc	1.1	0.52	0.03	0.21
Trp	−2.7^b	−3.4^b	− 2.4^b	−6.7^a	0.4	− 3.1	− 4.2	− 4.3	− 3.9	− 4.2	− 3.9	− 4.0	−2.5	0.6	< 0.001	0.26	0.76
Ile	(− 1.3)	− 3.7	−2.0	(− 0.6)	0.9	1.0^b	− 3.2^a	− 3.5^a	− 2.7^a	0.0^b	−3.3^a	−1.9^ab	− 1.5^ab	1.1	0.05	0.003	0.14
Leu	−2.7	−4.3	−3.0	(−0.7)	1.0	(0.5^d)	−6.3^ab	−6.6^a	−3.3^c	(−0.6^cd)	−1.7^abc	−2.2^abc	−1.5^bcd	1.5	0.07	< 0.001	0.006
Val	(1.5)	−2.8	(−0.5)	(1.4)	1.3	2.7	(0.7)	−2.3	(0.1)	−2.5	(−0.8)	2.2	(−0.7)	2.0	0.05	0.24	0.12
His	−5.4^b	−5.3^b	−5.1^b	−9.1^a	1.2	−6.6	−7.9	− 5.4	−4.5	−8.9	− 5.1	− 4.6	− 6.6	1.6	0.02	0.20	0.35
Phe	−14.9^b	−15.8^b	−9.6^c	−22.5^a	1.5	−10.0^c	− 17.9^ab	− 20.0^a	−19.6^a	− 16.7^ab	−16.5^ab	− 13.9^bc	−11.2^c	1.5	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.25
Non-essential AA, g/d
Ala	−49.5^b	−51.5^b	−52.5^b	−86.3^a	5.8	−52.5^cd	−67.4^ab	−76.1^a	− 66.1^b	− 59.9^bc	− 59.0^bc	−51.3^cd	−47.4^d	5.4	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Asn	−4.3^b	−4.9^b	−3.2^b	−8.8^a	0.8	−3.2^d	−6.0^b	−8.6^a	− 6.5^b	−5.4^bc	−5.0^bcd	− 4.1^cd	−3.6^cd	0.7	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.02
Asp	−3.4^b	−3.5^b	−2.9^b	−6.6^a	0.6	− 2.4^b	−5.7^a	−6.6^a	−4.1^b	− 3.2^b	− 3.7^b	−3.6^b	− 3.6^b	0.8	< 0.001	0.003	0.22
Cys	−5.6	−7.1	−4.0	− 7.1	1.0	−2.9^c	−9.9^a	− 7.8^ab	− 5.6^bc	−4.3^bc	− 6.4^bc	−5.2^bc	− 5.3^bc	1.2	0.05	< 0.001	0.82
Glu	139.4^bc	130.2^c	171.8^ab	177.6^a	12.8	131.4^b	152.3^ab	174.3^a	162.8^ab	160.7^ab	168.6^a	147.8^b	140.0^b	10.9	0.007	0.002	0.10
Gly	−30.5^b	−33.6^b	−32.2^b	−56.9^a	3.6	−46.3	−35.6	− 37.4	− 33.3	−35.1	−40.6	− 37.7	− 40.3	4.3	< 0.001	0.55	0.002
Pro	−9.2^ab	−14.7^a	(−5.1^b)	−13.6^a	2.8	−9.6	− 13.2	− 11.4	− 13.4	−7.8	− 12.0	−9.5	−8.3	4.0	0.04	0.84	0.09
Ser	−13.6^a	−12.9^a	−5.5^b	− 14.8^a	2.0	− 5.9^d	−16.7^ab	− 19.1^a	−14.7^b	− 10.9^c	−11.0^c	−7.5^d	−7.8^cd	1.7	0.007	< 0.001	0.001
Tyr	−12.6^b	−13.3^b	− 10.3^b	−21.5^a	1.3	− 12.3^b	−16.6^a	− 18.2^a	−15.3^ab	− 13.7^b	−15.0^ab	−12.3^b	− 12.1^b	1.5	< 0.001	0.01	0.42
Gln	−12.1^b	−12.1^b	−32.0^a	−28.9^a	4.1	−18.7	−29.3	−17.4	−19.2	− 27.4	− 19.4	− 24.1	−14.8	5.2	< 0.001	0.26	0.98

^a–dWithin a row and within a main effect (DIM, ST), means with different letters differ
¹Values presented in parenthesis are not significantly different from zero. ²DIM days in milk, ST sampling time

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