Black soldier fly and gut health in broiler chickens: insights into the relationship between cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition

Table 1 Effects of diet, mucin type, gut segment and crypt-villus fragment on mucin staining intensity in the broiler chickens

Factor	d.f.^f	Chi-square	P^*
Crypts
Diet^a	3	3.751	0.290
Mucin type^b	2	22.566	< 0.001
Gut segment^c	3	63.140	< 0.001
Fragment^d	2	247.461	< 0.001
Villi
Diet	3	25.497	< 0.001
Mucin type	2	4.510	0.100
Gut segment^e	2	571.512	< 0.001
Fragment	2	1.488	0.475

^aFour dietary treatments: C = control; HI5 = 5% inclusion level of Hermetia illucens; HI10 = 10% inclusion level of Hermetia illucens; HI15 = 15% inclusion level of Hermetia illucens
^bThree types: neutral, acidic sialylated and acidic sulfated mucins
^cFour gut segments: duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum
^dThree fragments: base, midsection and tip
^eThree gut segments: duodenum, jejunum and ileum
^fDegrees of freedom
^*Statistical significance: P < 0.05. Statistical trend: P ≤ 0.10

ISSN: 2049-1891