Fig. 2

Putrescine attenuated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells. The IPEC-J2 cells were seeded in 6 well plates, and pretreated for 48 h with or without 200 μmol/L putrescine. The cells were challenged with or without 100 μg/mL LPS, and mRNA levels for proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (a), IL-8 (b), and IL-6 (c) were quantified by qPCR at 4 h after challenge. Values are means ± SE, n = 4. Means with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Ctrl, control; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; IPEC-J2, porcine intestinal epithelial cells; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; Put, putrescine; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α