Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) to maize oil reduces lipid oxidation but does not prevent reductions in serum vitamin E in nursery pigs

Hung, Yuan T.; Hanson, Andrea R.; Urriola, Pedro E.; Johnston, Lee J.; Kerr, Brian J.; Shurson, Gerald C.

doi:10.1186/s40104-019-0362-5

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 1 Ingredient and nutrient composition of experimental diets (as-fed basis)

From: Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) to maize oil reduces lipid oxidation but does not prevent reductions in serum vitamin E in nursery pigs

Phase	Phase 1 (Weaning – d 12)				Phase 2 (d 13 – d 34)
Maize oil	Unoxidized		Oxidized		Unoxidized		Oxidized
Antioxidant^a	–	+	–	+	–	+	–	+
Ingredient composition, %
Maize	36.67	36.67	36.67	36.67	55.34	55.34	55.34	55.34
Soybean meal, 47.5% CP	18.01	18.01	18.01	18.01	34.04	34.04	34.04	34.04
Unoxidized maize oil^b	6.00	.	.	.	6.00	.	.	.
Unoxidized maize oil + TBHQ	.	6.00	.	.	.	6.00	.	.
Oxidized maize oil^c	.	.	6.00	.	.	.	6.00	.
Oxidized maize oil + TBHQ	.	.	.	6.00	.	.	.	6.00
Dried whey	24.31	24.31	24.31	24.31	.	.	.	.
Soy protein isolate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	.	.	.	.
Zinc oxide	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	.	.	.	.
Antibiotics^d	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57	.	.	.	.
Vitamin/mineral premix^e	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
L-Lys	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53
DL-Met	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21
L-Thr	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17
Monocalcium phosphate	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.16	1.16	1.16	1.16
Limestone	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.28
Salt	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.77	0.77	0.77	0.77
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Calculated composition
ME^f, kcal/kg	3619	3619	3619	3619	3556	3556	3556	3556
Crude protein, %	23.88	23.88	23.88	23.88	21.56	21.56	21.56	21.56
NDF, %	4.82	4.82	4.82	4.82	7.83	7.83	7.83	7.83
Ether extract, %	8.07	8.07	8.07	8.07	8.44	8.44	8.44	8.44
Linoleic acid, %	3.88	3.88	3.88	3.88	4.26	4.26	4.26	4.26
ATTD^g P, %	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33
Ca, %	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.81	0.81	0.81	0.81
SID^h Lys, %	1.56	1.56	1.56	1.56	1.42	1.42	1.42	1.42
SID Met/Cys, %	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78
SID Thr, %	0.91	0.91	0.91	0.91	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83
SID Trp, %	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23
Lactose, %	17.50	17.50	17.50	17.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Vitamin E, IU/kg	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00
g SID Lys:Mcal ME	4.31	4.31	4.31	4.31	3.99	3.99	3.99	3.99
g ATTD P:Mcal ME	1.08	1.08	1.08	1.08	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.93
Ca:ATTD P	2.31	2.31	2.31	2.31	2.45	2.45	2.45	2.45
SID Met + Cys:SID Lys	55.13	55.13	55.13	55.13	54.93	54.93	54.93	54.93
SID Thr:SID Lys	58.33	58.33	58.33	58.33	58.45	58.45	58.45	58.45
SID Trp:SID Lys	16.67	16.67	16.67	16.67	16.20	16.20	16.20	16.20
Analyzed composition, %
Dry matter	91.14	91.33	91.13	91.17	88.39	88.18	88.21	88.10
Ether extract	4.72	5.01	4.49	3.81	4.12	4.22	3.79	3.77
Crude fiber	2.15	2.04	2.04	1.88	3.02	3.26	2.94	2.73
Ash	7.38	7.20	7.06	7.05	5.46	5.01	6.02	6.01
Crude protein	22.89	23.72	23.98	23.50	21.28	21.22	22.78	21.60
Lysine	1.62	1.80	1.72	1.83	1.52	1.54	1.59	1.67
Methionine	0.50	0.50	0.54	0.51	0.46	0.41	0.49	0.45
Cysteine	0.32	0.33	0.32	0.33	0.31	0.31	0.34	0.34
Threonine	0.99	1.05	1.03	1.06	0.93	0.94	0.99	1.01
Tryptophan	0.32	0.32	0.33	0.35	0.29	0.28	0.30	0.27

^aAntioxidant, Rendox CQ (active ingredient is TBHQ; Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA) was added at 1000 mg/kg in maize oil
^bStratas Foods, LLC
^cMaize oil heated for 12 h at 185 °C with a constant air flow rate of 12 L/min
^dAntibiotics added were 0.175% Denagard (tiamulin 22 g/kg; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., St. Joseph, MO) and 0.4% Aureomycin 50G (chlortetracycline 110 mg/kg; Zoetis, Inc., Florham Park, NJ), which provided 38.5 mg tiamulin per kg of diet, and 440 mg chlortetracycline per kg of diet
^ePremix for nursery pigs (< 22.5 kg) at 0.5% dietary inclusion rate provided the following nutrients per kilogram of feed: 11023 IU of vitamin A as retinyl acetate; 2756 IU of vitamin D₃; 22 IU of vitamin E as DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 4.41 mg of vitamin K as menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite; 9.92 mg of riboflavin; 55.11 mg of niacin; 33.07 mg of pantothenic acid as D-calcium pantothenate; 992 mg of choline as choline chloride; 0.06 mg of vitamin B₁₂; 14.3 mg of pyridoxine; 1.65 mg of folic acid; 2.20 mg of thiamine; 0.33 mg of biotin; 2.20 mg of iodine as ethylenediamine dihydroiodide; 0.30 mg of selenium as sodium selenite; 299 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate; 299 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate; 19.8 mg of copper as copper sulfate; and 17.6 mg of manganese as manganese oxide
^fME = metabolizable energy
^gATTD = apparent total tract digestible
^hSID = standardized ileal digestible

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ISSN: 2049-1891

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