Fig. 4

LPS stimulation in porcine alveolar macrophages alters oxidative burst and cellular stress regardless of long chain PUFA enrichment. Representative trace of oxidative burst by measurements of (a) OCR, (b) ECAR and cellular stress by measurement of (c) NO and (d) cytoplasmic oxidation in PAM isolated from piglets fed milk replacer with varying fatty acid composition. Measurements were made during culture in absence (Basal) or presence of LPS at varying time points over the course of 24 h. Fatty acid effect, LPS effect and fatty acid-LPS interaction were assessed. Values are least square means ± SEM, n = 5. ECAR, extracellular acidification rate; NO, nitric oxide; OCR, oxygen consumption rate