Table 2 Time-dependent effect of MNP-lectin conjugates on sperm motility characteristics

VAP, μm/s

70 ± 2^a

77.6 ± 2.1^b

73.2 ± 3.1^c

74.8 ± 1.7^bc

< 0.0001

VSL, μm/s

35.4 ± 1.1^a

40.5 ± 0.8^b

45.1 ± 0.7^c

42.7 ± 1.3^d

< 0.0001

VCL, μm/s

154.5 ± 4.1^a

164.7 ± 4.3^b

150.3 ± 4.8^a

160.4 ± 2.9^b

0.001

ALH, μm

8.3 ± 0.1^a

7.7 ± 0.1^b

7.2 ± 0.3^c

7.9 ± 0.1^b

< 0.0001

BCF, Hz

38.1 ± 0.4^a

36.2 ± 0.5^b

37.9 ± 0.9^a

34.1 ± 0.6^c

< 0.0001

STR, %

51.1 ± 0.6^a

54.2 ± 0.9^b

63.1 ± 2.5^c

58.1 ± 1.0^d

< 0.0001

LIN, %

24.3 ± 0.5^a

26.9 ± 0.5^b

33.1 ± 2.2^c

28.2 ± 0.6^b

< 0.0001