Effect of diets supplemented with linseed alone or combined with vitamin E and selenium or with plant extracts, on Longissimus thoracis transcriptome in growing-finishing Italian Large White pigs

Table 1 Feed component and proximate composition of the experimental diets

	D1		D2		D3		D4
	1^st	2^nd	1^st	2^nd	1^st	2^nd	1^st	2^nd
Ingredients
Extruded linseed, %	-	-	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Barley meal, %	85.50	91.00	80.50	86.60	80.30	86.40	80.50	86.60
Soya bean meal, %	11.00	5.50	11.00	5.00	11.00	5.00	11.00	5.00
L-Lysine, %	0.31	0.29	0.30	0.29	0.30	0.29	0.30	0.29
DL-Methionine, %	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.06	0.03
L-Threonine, %	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.03
Calcium carbonate, %	1.18	1.13	1.19	1.15	0.89	0.85	1.19	1.15
Dicalcium phosphate, %	1.00	1.10	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Salt (NaCl), %	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Vitamin/mineral pre-mix¹, %	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Vitamin E and Selenium pre-mix², %	-	-	-	-	0.50	0.50	-	-
Plant extracts (Grape-skin + oregano), g/kg of feed	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.00+2.00	3.00+2.00
Proximate composition
Digestible energy, kcal/kg	3189	3168	3255	3235	3248	3228	3255	3235
Crude protein, %	14.89	11.31	15.39	11.73	15.37	11.71	15.39	11.73
Crude fat, %	1.75	1.74	3.58	3.58	3.58	3.58	3.58	3.58
Crude fiber, %	4.33	4.20	4.62	4.48	4.61	4.47	4.62	4.48
Ca, %	0.80	0.79	0.82	0.79	0.82	0.79	0.82	0.79
P, %	0.54	0.54	0.55	0.53	0.55	0.53	0.55	0.53
Fatty acid composition, % (of total fatty acids)
C14:0	0.47	0.39	0.25	0.21	0.25	0.22	0.26	0.22
C16:0	29.01	24.25	18.13	15.20	17.78	15.59	18.80	15.31
C16:1	0.49	0.34	0.17	0.15	0.17	0.17	0.02	0.15
C18:0	2.03	1.51	4.00	3.18	3.88	3.34	4.16	3.23
C18:1 n-9	14.92	13.50	20.60	18.12	20.24	18.45	21.29	18.26
C18:2 n-6	47.55	53.67	33.50	34.69	33.91	34.09	32.52	34.47
C18:3 n-3	4.77	5.70	22.83	28.02	23.25	27.73	22.38	27.95
C20:1	0.74	0.64	0.53	0.41	0.52	0.42	0.57	0.41

Legend: D1= standard diet for growing-finishing pigs; D2=standard diet supplemented with extruded linseed (source of n-3 PUFA); D3= standard diet supplemented with extruded linseed, vitamin E and selenium; D4= standard diet supplemented with extruded linseed and plant extracts (source of polyphenols). 1^st = feed administered from an average weight of 80 kg to 120 kg (growing period); 2^nd = feed administered from an average weight of 120 kg to slaughter (finishing period)

ISSN: 2049-1891