N-carbamylglutamate restores nitric oxide synthesis and attenuates high altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude

Table 2 Effects of supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG 20 g/ d per heifer) on nitric oxide synthesis parameters^a

Item^b	Urea, mmol/L	eNOS, U/mL	Arg, μmol/L	NO, μmol/L	Ammonia, μmol/L
Healthy before^c	4.42	22.26	41.83	23.84	230.66
Healthy after^d	4.81	29.23	51.42	48.59	20.02
HAPH before	3.93	16.46	50.50	18.40	159.32
HAPH after	4.49	20.19	57.83	33.46	37.09
SEM	0.166	1.275	1.483	2.206	16.457
Main effects
Status
Healthy	4.62	25.75	46.63	36.22	125.34
HAPH	4.21	18.33	54.17	25.93	98.21
Treatment
Before	4.18	19.36	46.17	21.12	194.99
After	4.65	24.71	54.63	41.03	28.56
P-value
State	0.325	0.020	0.018	0.001	0.190
Treatment	0.083	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.001
State×Treatment	0.748	0.100	0.548	0.059	0.022

^aHealthy = healthy Holstein heifers, HAPH = Holstein heifers with high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Means and pooled SEM; n = 10 in per group
^bUrea, plasma urea; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; Arg, arginine; NO, nitric oxide; Ammonia, plasma ammonia
^cOne day before the start of NCG feeding
^dFour weeks after the start of NCG feeding

ISSN: 2049-1891