N-carbamylglutamate restores nitric oxide synthesis and attenuates high altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude

Table 1 Effects of supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG 20 g/ d per heifer) on physiological parameters^a

Item^b	mPAP, mmHg	Breathing, times/min	Systolic, mmHg	Diastolic, mmHg	Mean, mmHg	Heart rate, beats/min
Healthy before^c	37.84	34.23	104.11^B	53.86	71.18	83.09
Healthy after^d	33.60	34.59	105.59^B	55.55	73.62	82.73
HAPH before	72.60	27.97	111.63^A	58.62	75.72	86.37
HAPH after	67.13	30.10	104.85^B	55.95	73.30	82.48
SEM	3.111	1.028	1.003	0.958	1.018	1.864
Main effects
Status
Healthy	35.72	34.41	104.94	54.71	72.40	82.91
HAPH	69.87	29.04	108.24	57.29	74.51	84.43
Treatment
Before	55.22	31.10	107.87	56.24	73.45	84.73
After	50.37	32.35	105.31	55.75	73.46	82.61
P-value
State	0.001	0.076	0.238	0.278	0.400	0.747
Treatment	0.001	0.065	0.068	0.733	0.996	0.486
State×Treatment	0.087	0.136	0.005	0.139	0.138	0.561

^A,B, Within a column, means without a common superscript letter differ (P < 0.05)
^aHealthy = healthy Holstein heifers, HAPH = Holstein heifers with high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Means and pooled SEM; n = 10 in per group
^bmPAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure; Breathing, breathing rate; Systolic, peripheral systolic blood pressure; Diastolic, peripheral diastolic blood pressure; Mean, peripheral mean blood pressure; Heart rate, heart beat rate
^cOne day before the start of NCG feeding
^dFour weeks after the start of NCG feeding

ISSN: 2049-1891