Fig. 1
From: Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows
Lipolysis induces adipose tissue (AT) remodeling. This process is characterized by macrophage infiltration and changes in inflammatory phenotype. During moderate lipolysis, macrophage infiltration is limited and involves mainly the M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory). In contrast, during excessive lipolysis, most infiltrating macrophages are M1 (pro-inflammatory) and enhance lipolysis and reduce adipocyte insulin sensitivity. Excessive lipolysis and AT remodeling increase disease susceptibility and negatively impact lactation performance