Fig. 1

Major beef-producing countries and antimicrobial consumption. a Beef and veal production in select countries (t). Data from: ‘Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade’. USDA. Foreign Agricultural Service [6]. b Antimicrobial sales, excluding ionophore sales, in reporting countries (t active substance). Data complied from multiple sources: [19–23] c Sales of antimicrobials authorised only for food‐producing animals, by species (t active substance) [22, 23]. d Weighted animal population (in PCU) [20, 21, 23]. e Proportion of sales of total antibiotic products by antimicrobial class (t active ingredient) [19–23]