Determination of reference intervals for metabolic profile of Hanwoo cows at early, middle and late gestation periods

Table 4 Reference intervals of serum components of Korean Hanwoo cows at different stages of pregnancy

Indicator	NP ¹		EP ¹		MP ¹		LP ¹
	D ²	Intervals	D	Intervals	D	Intervals	D	Intervals
TP, g/dL	G²	5.9 ~ 9.2	N	6.4 ~ 9.6	N	6.5 ~ 10.4	N	6.4 ~ 9.8
Alb, g/dL	G	2.97 ~ 4.22	G	3.04 ~ 4.20	G	3.03 ~ 4.27	G	3.11 ~ 4.31
UREA, mg/dL	G	3.4 ~ 17.4	G	4.0 ~ 18.1	G	4.9 ~ 17.8	N	4.7 ~ 17.9
Glu, mg/dL	N²	9 ~ 57	N	7 ~ 57	N	7 ~ 57	N	4 ~ 69
T-Cho, mg/dL	G	56 ~ 200	G	60 ~ 200	G	60 ~ 192	G	59 ~ 203
LCFA, μEq/L	N	37 ~ 525	N	30 ~ 430	N	35 ~ 417	N	45 ~ 699
AST, IU/L	G	43 ~ 107	N	46 ~ 113	N	49 ~ 116	N	48 ~ 126
GGT, IU/L	N	7 ~ 32	N	6 ~ 38	G	5 ~ 29	N	4 ~ 31
Crea, mg/dL	G	0.69 ~ 2.17	N	0.74 ~ 2.18	G	0.85 ~ 2.25	G	0.68 ~ 2.0
Ca, mg/dL	G	8.5 ~ 11.9	N	8.5 ~ 11.5	N	9.0 ~ 11.8	G	8.9 ~ 12.5
IP, mg/dL	G	3.1 ~ 10.5	N	3.2 ~ 10.8	G	3.5 ~ 10.5	N	3.6 ~ 10.2
Mg, mg/dL	G	1.87 ~ 3.27	G	2.23 ~ 3.34	G	1.80 ~ 3.35	N	2.04 ~ 3.27

¹NP: non-pregnancy, n = 592; EP: early pregnancy, n = 686; MP: middle pregnancy, n = 517; LP: late pregnancy, n = 410.
²D: Distribution of data; G: Gaussian distribution; N: Non-Gaussian distribution.

ISSN: 2049-1891