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Table 3 Fatty acid profiles of hamburgers made with perirenal fat from steers fed a high forage diet containing sunflower-seed (SS) and 15 or 30% wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS)

From: Improving beef hamburger quality and fatty acid profiles through dietary manipulation and exploitation of fat depot heterogeneity

Items

Dietary treatments

s.e.m

P-value

 

Control

SS

DDGS-15

DDGS-30

Variable

n = 16

n = 16

n = 16

n = 16

  

∑ FA, mg/g

192c

186d

198b

202a

1

0.03

FA of endogenous or dietary origin

      

∑ SFA

56.4a

55.8b

55.6b

54.4c

0.3

0.03

 14:0

3.44a

2.90b

2.63c

2.90b

0.11

<0.001

 16:0

27.0a

24.0b

23.4c

24.4b

0.1

<0.001

 18:0

25.6c

28.5a

29.2a

26.7b

0.7

0.001

∑ c-MUFA

28.6ab

27.0b

26.9b

29.3a

0.6

0.02

 c 9-14:1

0.38a

0.31b

0.27b

0.35a

0.03

0.05

 c 9-16:1

1.68a

1.38b

1.27b

1.48ab

0.08

0.01

 c 9-18:1

23.9ab

22.5c

22.7bc

24.9a

0.5

0.003

∑ n-3

0.57a

0.45b

0.46b

0.41c

0.02

<0.001

 18:3n-3

0.46a

0.38b

0.37bc

0.35c

0.01

<0.001

 22:5n-3

0.11a

0.08bc

0.09b

0.07c

0.01

<0.001

∑ n-6

2.07d

2.16c

2.34b

2.50a

0.02

<0.001

 18:2n-6

1.76d

1.88c

2.02b

2.20a

0.04

<0.001

 20:4n-6

0.13

0.11

0.12

0.11

0.01

0.29

∑ n-6:n-3

3.63d

4.76c

5.12b

6.03a

0.03

0.04

∑ PUFA

2.64b

2.62b

2.79ab

2.92a

0.08

0.01

∑ PUFA:SFA

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.001

0.25

FA of microbial origin

      

∑ BCFA

2.91a

2.42b

2.34b

2.14c

0.05

<0.001

 iso-17:0

0.46a

0.41b

0.39b

0.36c

0.01

<0.001

 anteiso- 17:0

0.75a

0.60b

0.60b

0.55c

0.01

<0.001

∑ t-18:1

5.20c

8.11a

8.34a

7.48b

0.27

<0.001

 t 11-18:1

2.49c

3.69a

3.83a

3.39b

0.12

<0.001

 t 13-t 14

0.83c

1.33a

1.35a

1.19b

0.05

<0.001

∑ CLA

0.69b

0.79a

0.82a

0.80a

0.03

0.001

 t 7,c 9-18:2

0.03b

0.03b

0.04a

0.04a

0.00

<0.001

 c 9,t 11-18:2

0.53b

0.61a

0.63a

0.62a

0.02

0.0005

 t 11,c 13-18:2

0.03a

0.03a

0.03a

0.02c

0.00

<0.001

∑ AD

0.53c

0.57b

0.57b

0.60a

0.01

0.02

 t 8,c 12-18:2

0.09c

0.12b

0.12b

0.14a

0.01

<0.001

 t 11,c 15-18:2

0.19a

0.18a

0.16b

0.14c

0.01

<0.001

∑ CLNA

0.10

0.09

0.10

0.08

0.00

0.10

 c 9,t 11,c 15-18:3

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.07

0.00

0.20

  1. a,b,c,dMeans with different superscripts for a particular fatty acid profile are significantly different (P <0.05); s.e.m, standard error of mean; c, cis; t, trans; ∑ FA, total fatty acids in mg/g of tissue; ∑ PUFA, sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids = ∑ n-6 + ∑ n-3; ∑ n-6 = sum of 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6; ∑ n-3 sum of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3; ∑CLNA, sum of conjugated linolenic acid = c 9,t 11,t 15-, c 9,t 11,c 15-; ∑ AD, atypical dienes = sum of t 11,t 15-, c 9,t 13-/t 8,c 12-, t 8,c 13-, c 9,t 12-/c 16-18:1, t 9,c 12-, t 11,c 15-, c 9,c 15-, c 12,c 15-18:2; ∑ CLA, conjugated linoleic acid = sum of t 12,t 14-, t 11,t 13-, t 10,t 12-, t 9,t 11-, t 8,t 10-, t 7,t 9- t 6,t 8-, c 9,t 11-, t 7,c 9-, t 11,c 13-, t 12,c 14-, c 11,t 13-, t 10,c 12-, t 8,c 10-, t 9,c 11-; ∑ t-MUFA, sum of trans-monounsaturated fatty acids = t 9-16:1, t 6,t 7,t 8-, t 9-, t 10-, t 11-, t 12-, t 13/t 14-, t 15-, t 16-18:1; ∑ c-MUFA = sum of c 9-14:1, c 7-16:1, c 9-16:1, c 11-16:1, c 9-17:1, c 9-18:1, c 11-18:1, c 12-18:1, c 13-18:1, c 14-18:1, c 15-18:1, c 9-20:1, c 11-20:1; ∑ BCFA, branched chain fatty acids = sum of iso- 15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-16:0, iso-17:0, anteiso- 17:0, iso- 18:0; ∑ SFA = sum of 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 19:0, 20:0.