Fig. 7

Graphical overview of the beneficial effects of Lut on porcine early embryogenesis. Lut supplementation during in vitro culture increases cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, total cell number, and cellular survival in porcine in vitro produced (IVP) embryos. Additionally, Lut exhibits antioxidant activity and enhances mitochondrial function. Notably, Lut activates the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, and the impairments in early embryogenesis caused by brusatol are alleviated by Lut supplementation. These results suggest that Lut exerts beneficial effects on the developmental competence of porcine IVP embryos by reducing oxidative stress through the activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway