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Fig. 1 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Fig. 1

From: Anethole improves the developmental competence of porcine embryos by reducing oxidative stress via the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway

Fig. 1

Effect of anethole (AN) on the development of porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. A Representative images of embryos on D6, B percentages of cleavage on D2, and C blastocyst formation on D6 (0; n = 132, 0.3; n = 134, 0.5; n = 134, 1; n = 133). Scale bar = 100 μm. D Proportions of blastocyst stages with and without AN (n = 40 per groups). E Representative photographs of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxygenin staining of blastocysts on D6 and F percentages of apoptotic cells with and without AN treatment (n = 35 per groups). Scale bar = 50 μm. G Relative expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and BCL-XL/BAX ratio in D6 blastocysts with and without AN treatment (n = 3 per groups). H Representative images of CDX2 staining of D6 blastocysts and I numbers of inner cell masses (ICM), trophectoderms (TE), and total cells in D6 blastocysts with and without AN treatment (n = 26 per groups). Scale bar = 50 μm. J Relative expression levels of ICM/TE differentiation-related genes in D6 blastocysts with and without AN treatment (n = 3 per groups). Data are from five independent experiments, and different superscript letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05)

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