Table 1 Application of resveratrol in swine production
From: Biological function of resveratrol and its application in animal production: a review
Animal | Dosage | Stress model/ study design | Beneficial effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Weaned piglets 21-day-old | 300 mg/kg | 7-d feeding | Increased villus height in the jejunum; Increased mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I activity, GRP78 and ATF4 protein expression level, and phosphorylation level of IRE1α in the liver | |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 300 mg/kg | 28-d feeding | Increased apparent digestibility of crude fat; improved villus height, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function; decreased m6A enrichment of tight junction protein and antioxidant enzyme-related genes in the jejunum and ileum | |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 150, 300 mg/kg | 42-d feeding | Increased IgG level and GPX activity while decreased MDA levels in the serum; enhanced villus and crypt morphology, and mRNA expression of ZO-1 and IL-10 in the jejunum | [17] |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 0.1, 0.33, 1.0 g/kg/d resveratrol dry suspension (3% resveratrol) | 14-d feeding | Increased peripheral blood lymphocytes, splenic lymphocytes, white cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and hemocytes; improved antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory response, and antibody levels | [90] |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 300 mg/kg | 28-d feeding | Increased IgA and IgG levels in the plasma; increased IL-10 mRNA expression and Lactobacillus copies while decreased IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression in the jejunum and ileum | [91] |
Weaned piglets 21-day-old | 300 mg/kg | IUGR, 14-d feeding | Increased jejunal villus height; alleviated intestinal oxidative stress by activating NRF2 pathway, inhibited enterocyte apoptosis and decreased intestinal barrier permeability; improved intestinal microbiota composition and increased butyrate production | [92] |
Suckling piglets 7-day-old | 80 mg/kg BW/d | IUGR, 14-d feeding | Decreased free fatty acid and alanine aminotransferase in serum; increased mRNA expression levels of LPL, GPX1, MCP1, and TNF-α while decreased total triglyceride, free fatty acid, protein carbonyl and MDA levels in the liver | [93] |
Suckling piglets 4-day-old | 600 mg/kg milk | IUGR, 21-d feeding | Increased CAT activity in the serum and liver; increased hepatic ATP production, and NRF1 mRNA expression | [94] |
Suckling piglets 7-day-old | 1 g/kg milk | IUGR, 21-d feeding | Increased feed efficiency; increased mitochondrial swelling, complex activities, antioxidant enzyme activities, ATP production, mitochondrial biogenesis, NAD + and NAD+/NADH ratio while decreased AMP/ATP ratio in the liver | [95] |
Weaned piglets 21-day-old | 300 mg/kg | Diquat challenge, 15-d feeding | Increased SOD activity while decreasing Chiu’s score and cell apoptosis percentage in the jejunum | |
Weaned piglets 35-day-old | 100 mg/kg | Diquat challenge, 14-d feeding | Increased ADG and ADFI; increased mitochondrial membrane potential, protein expression of PINK1, Parkin, LC3-II, and tight junction protein-related genes while decreased intestinal permeability and ROS production in the jejunum | [97] |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 10, 30, 90 mg/kg | Diquat challenge, 21-d feeding | Improved growth performance; enhanced villus and crypt morphology, antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression of antioxidant enzyme in the ileum and jejunum. Increased expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes and decreased gene expression related to liver inflammation | |
Weaned piglet 21-day-old | 300 mg/kg | DON challenge, 28-d feeding | Improved growth performance; enhanced intestinal morphology, increased goblet cells, and mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction protein while decreased pro-inflammatory factors levels and mRNA expression in the jejunum; alleviated the negative effects on mRNA and protein expression of mitophagy-related genes in the intestine of piglets challenged with DON | |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 300 mg/kg | DON challenge, 28-d feeding | Increased ADFI; increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mitochondrial membrane potential while decreased MDA and mitochondrial ROS levels in the jejunum | [102] |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 0.2% Respig® (containing resveratrol) | E. coli and Salmonella enterica challenge, 28-d feeding | Increased ADG and ADFI; increased serum IgG level; decreased fecal S. typhimurium and E. coli counts | [14] |
Weaned piglets 32-day-old | 3, 10, 30 mg/kg/d, resveratrol dry suspension | Rotavirus challenge, 25-d feeding | Increased CD4+ /CD8+ ratio; decreased diarrhea index; increased SOD and GPX while decreased MDA, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the serum | [103] |
Weaned piglets 35-day-old | 10, 30, 90 mg/kg BW | Pseudorabies virus challenge, 29-d feeding | Increased survival rate, BW, and serum concentrations of IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12; decreased Pseudorabies virus copies and lesional scores of brains, lung, kidney, liver, spleen, and heart | [104] |
Weaned piglets 28-day-old | 150, 300 mg/kg | 42-d feeding | Increased expression of slow MyHC, SDH, and MDH activity of and type I fiber proportion; decreased LDH activity and type II fiber proportion | [105] |
Growing-finishing pigs, 78.1 kg | 300, 600 mg/kg | 49-d feeding | Increased pH24h, a*, crude protein and myoglobin content and decreased L*, shear force, drip loss in the LM; Reduced backfat depth and visceral adipose tissue weight; Decreased PPARγ and FAS mRNA levels while increased HSL, ATGL and CPT-1 mRNA levels in the adipose tissue; decreased PPARγ, FAS, ACC, and LPL mRNA levels while increased HSL mRNA levels in the muscle | |
Growing-finishing pigs, 65.0 kg | 200, 400, 600 mg/kg feed | 41-d feeding | Increased MyHC I and MyHC IIa and decreased MyHC IIb mRNA expression; increased SDH and MDH activities in the LM; increased AdipoR1, AdipoR2, AMPK, and PGC-1α expression in LM | [107] |
Growing pigs, 24.67 kg | 600 mg/kg | 119-d feeding | Increased intramuscular fat content and mRNA expression of PPARγ, FAS, ACC, and LPL while reduced mRNA expression of CPT-1, and PPARα in the LM; increased expression of ssc-miR-181a, ssc-miR-370, and ssc-miR-21 and reduced expression of ssc-miR-27a in the LM | [108] |
Newborn piglets 7-day-old | 80 mg/kg BW (7–21 days old) 300 mg/kg (21–150 days old) | 143-d feeding (NBW vs. IUGR) | Increased GPX activity and MyHC I gene expression, reduced protein carbonyl and MDA contents, enhanced fatty acid oxidation via upregulated PPARα and targeted genes expression, thereby improving drip loss and b* | [109] |
Sows, average parity 4.4 | 300 mg/kg | Gestation and lactation | Increased weaning weights and ADG 7 d before and after weaning; Increased lactose content in the colostrum and fat content in the milk; alleviated weaning-associated intestinal inflammation and diarrhea and improved intestinal morphology; reduced drip loss and lactic acid level and increased pH24h in the LM of finishing offspring | |
Sows, average parity 3 | 300 mg/kg | High temperatures, Gestation and lactation | Increased the number of piglets born alive in both temperature; increased litter weight gain in high temperature; increased antioxidant ability in the plasma and colostrum in both temperature; increased the IgA, IgG, and IgM levels in colostrum under high temperature; Increased Lactobacillus and Alloprevotella and decreased Escherichia-shigella in the faeces of piglets under high temperature | [113] |